城市居民生活用水价格管制问题研究 ——以广州市为例.pdfVIP

摘 要 本文将研究居民生活用水价格管制未完全达到原有目标的问题，并提出完善 政府价格管制的建议。基于居民用水权益、企业发展及水资源状况，从当前我国 经济改革的大环境来看，目前对居民生活用水价格管制主要有以下三个目标：保 护居民用水权益、促进供水企业发展及节约用水。 居民生活用水属于生活必需品，需求价格弹性小，居民不能通过自由选择供 水企业以谋求更低的价格。同时，供水企业供给能力的扩大通常需要巨额投资， 需要合适的盈利率。此外，我国又是一个水资源短缺的国家。因此政府对居民生 活用水价格的管制要平衡以上三者的关系。 本论文以广州为例，针对居民生活用水价格管制问题展开研究与探讨。分析 产生这些问题的原因：第一，居民生活用水价格制定缺乏科学依据；第二，当前 供水企业的垄断经营不仅仅是由于行业的自然垄断特征所形成的垄断，更重要的 是由于政企不分而形成的行政性垄断；第三，居民生活用水价格管制体系中缺乏 有效的监督机制。其后，借鉴了美国、英国、日本对居民生活用水价格管制所采 取的一系列值得我国参考的经验，并结合广州具体情况，提出完善居民生活用水 价格管制体系的建议，以保障高质、有效率的居民生活用水供应。 关键词：水价；价格管制；居民生活用水 Abstract This paper will study on the problem of the price regulation of water supply to citizen, which has not completely gotten its goal, and put forward the suggestions of fulfilling the price regulation. Based on the citizen rights of using water, the development of the water supply enterprises and the water resource situation, combining with the environment of current economic reform in our country, now there are three aims to the price regulation of water supply to citizen: to protect the public interests of using water, to stimulate the development of water supply industry, and to save the water resource. Water supply to citizen belongs to a kind of daily necessity, the price elasticity of its demand is very small, so citizens can’t get a lower price through choosing the enterprise of water supply voluntarily. Meanwhile, the enlargement of the supply capability of the industry usually needs huge investments and suitable profit rates. What’s more, our country is short of water resources. Therefore, the regulation of water price should balance the relationship of the above three points. This paper takes Guangzhou as an example, begins