礼物的流动--对初中生社会关系网络的探究.pdfVIP

ABSTRACT Nowadays, the junior high school students fall over themselves for gift exchange.Investigator choose 246 junior high school students as sample, who are 13 －15 years old. Through such means as observation and questionnaire on students’ gift exchange, The investigator found that students participate in gift exchange to maintain their own social capital or get more social capital. The social capital has great ‘sign effect’, which will help students attach high status in their social relation network. According to the students’ social capital, the gift exchange has two kinds: one is homogeneous gift exchange, the other is heterogeneous gift exchange. Gift-giving also can be divided by the students’ goal as expressive gift-giving and utility gift-giving. The gift exchange will change students’ influence and status in social network. Three factors, include ‘social norm, relative social capital and the least interesting principle ’, decide whether the students get equal influence and status or not. The students’ influence will change in response to three principles: firstly, one-way gift-giving add senders’ influence and reputation. Secondly, one-way gift-giving changed students’ influence, then urge gift-receiver to pursue gift-exchange balance. Thirdly, if the students have not equal influence, one-way gift-giving will not add sender’s influence or bring any other advantages. Students will act on gift-giving spot because of their self-awareness and face norm. The students’ act is in line with three ethic rules: sensibility affiliation, reasonable account and moral obligation. Through gift-exchange, students care for daily living, awe social exchange rules and traditi