美国特殊教育相关服务研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 障碍学生是一个异质而多样的群体,其显著差异性决定了特殊教育及其相关服务的 不可或缺。通过提供相关服务满足特殊需求,促进特殊教育质量提升是发达国家和地区 发展特殊教育的普遍经验。随着我国特殊教育的发展,特殊教育相关服务需求凸显,呼 声强烈,迫切需要在提高认识、加强研究的基础上,制定相关服务政策,推进实践进程。 美国自 1975 年首次在特殊教育立法中提出相关服务以来,特殊教育相关服务已实施 30 多年,其经验与教训均可成为我国推进特殊教育相关服务的重要资源。 在美国特殊教育法律中,相关服务是指为了帮助障碍学生从教育中受益,依据障碍 学生的需求,为其提供的发展性、矫正性和支持性服务。障碍学生多样的特殊性以及自 然蕴含着的特殊教育需求构成了特殊教育及其相关服务的依据,决定了相关服务对于障 碍学生实质享有平等受教育权的重要作用。本研究以美国特殊教育法律演变为线索,追 溯特殊教育相关服务的发展进程,以教育平等以及残疾人受教育权特别保护的法理为理 论基础,借鉴Neil Gilbert和Paul Terrell的社会福利政策分析框架,从服务享有者、 服务提供者、服务内容、服务方式和服务经费等方面呈现美国特殊教育相关服务的大体 框架与主要内容,评析其主要经验与存在问题。在此基础上,立足我国特殊教育相关服 务现状,提出应在我国特殊教育立法中引入“相关服务”概念,明确相关服务享有者的 资格,确定相关服务内容及其标准,加强相关服务人员队伍建设,加强团队合作服务模 式研究,加大相关服务经费投入等有针对性的政策建议,以更好地促进与保障残疾人的 平等受教育权,满足广大残疾人及其家庭对特殊教育质量的期待。关键词:美国 特殊教育 相关服务 IABSTRACT Students with disabilities are a heterogeneous and diverse group. Their significant differences determine that special education and related services are indispensable. It is a common experience in developed countries and regions in promoting special education that improve the quality of special education through providing related services to meet the students’ special needs. With the development of special education in our country, the needs for related services are increasing considerablely. It needs badly to make polices and promote the practice of related services based on raised awareness and plentiful researches. Since 1975 the United States proposed “related services” in special education law, related services have been implemented for over 30 years. Those experience and lessons may become important resources for promoting related services of special education in our countrySpecial education laws in the United States define related services as developmental, corrective, and supportive services which are provided for the disabled students according to their special needs and the purpose of related services was to assist the students with disabilites in benefiting from education. The diverse specificities of the students with