现代汉语专名研究.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 论 文 摘 要 论论 文文 摘摘 要要 本文主要研究现代汉语中的专有名称。在西方语言哲学和逻辑学界，关于专 名的涵义和指称问题有许多不同的看法，本文基本倾向于“专名既有涵义又有指 称”的观点。为了论证这一观点，本文对专名的语义进行了较详尽的分析。专名 的涵义可以分为两个不同的层面，专名不仅是为事物命名时所使用的符号，而且 与其所指有着密切的逻辑联系，从而具有了一定的涵义。专名的涵义由其摹状词 簇表达，其特点是数量无限性、具有原型性差异和历时性变化。摹状词簇内部可 以分为客观情状类、主观感受类和附加性状类等类别。 在专名的使用中，既可以被凸现指称对象，又可以被凸现涵义。当专名被凸 现涵义时是有标记的。本文列举了“数量词+专名”和“程度副词+专名”这两种 凸现涵义的特殊句法形式。在“数量词+专名”结构中，数量词主要起到了认知 无定、语用无定、泛化和对比专名的作用。这里专名的涵义会随着语境的改变而 变化，被凸现的一般为主观感受类摹状词。在“程度副词+专名”结构中，这里 的专名一般是认知度较高的，并且，专名被凸现的特征会随着其摹状词特点的不 同而改变。程度副词把专名特征的细微差异进一步加强了。 关键词：专名；摹状词；涵义；数量词+专名；程度副词+专名 I ABSTRACT This paper studies the proper name of the modern Chinese. In the westernphilosophyoflanguageandlogicoftheacademiccommunity,there aremanydifferentviewsofissuesonsenseandreferenceofpropernames. This paper tends to the view of “proper names both have sense and reference”. In order to demonstrate this view, this paper has a more detailedanalysis ofthesemanticsof propernames.Themeaning of proper names can be divided into two different levels, proper names are not only the symbols used in naming things, but also have close logic links with the reference, thus proper names have certain meanings. The meanings of propernamesareexpressedbythedescriptionwordclusters,theyfeature unlimited number, have differences with the prototype and diachronic changes. The classifications of the description word clusters can be divided into objective situation class, subjective feelings class and additional character class and so on. In the use of proper names, both the reference objects and meanings of proper names can be highlighted. There are marks when the meanings of proper names are highlighted. This article lists two special syntactic forms “quantifier + proper name” and “degree adverb + proper name” which can highlight t