紧实胁迫对不同土壤类型玉米养分吸收、分配及产量的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2010,43(21):4356-4366 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.21.004 紧实胁迫对不同土壤类型玉米养分吸收、分配及产量的影响 王 群，张学林，李全忠，薛 帅，李潮海 （河南农业大学农学院/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心，郑州 450002 ） 摘要：【目的】明确不同土壤类型玉米植株养分累积、分配和产量对土壤紧实胁迫的响应。【方法】采用微区 桶栽，设计了土壤类型和紧实度两因素试验,研究玉米地上部养分吸收、分配和产量变化特征，及其对紧实胁迫的 响应。【结果】结果表明，紧实胁迫下不同类型土壤上玉米的根干重、根长度、养分累积量和分配量以及产量均呈 下降趋势，各参数变化顺序均表现为：潮土＞砂姜黑土＞黄褐土；紧实胁迫下叶片中的养分分配比例高于茎鞘， 养分转移率表现为黄褐土＞砂姜黑土＞潮土。降低土壤紧实度促进了玉米根干重和根长度的增加，增加了各类土 壤上玉米单株和各器官中氮、磷、钾的累积量和玉米产量，其中黄褐土和砂姜黑土增加幅度较大，潮土较小；玉 米叶片和茎鞘中的氮、磷、钾转移率随紧实度的降低而下降。【结论】紧实胁迫影响不同土壤类型玉米根系生长、 养分累积和吸收，生产实践中对不同土壤类型可通过降低紧实度来改善根系生长，提高玉米养分的吸收和籽粒产 量。 关键词：土壤类型；玉米；养分累积和分配；紧实胁迫；产量 Effect of Soil Compaction Stress on Nutrient Absorption and Distribution and Yield in Maize Under Different Soil Types WANG Qun, ZHANG Xue-lin, LI Quan-zhong, XUE Shuai, LI Chao-hai (College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/Regional Center for New Technology Creation of Corn, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450002) Abstract: 【Objective 】 The objective of this study was to identify the responses of nutrient uptake and distribution and yield in maize to soil compaction under different soil types. 【Method 】 A two-year barrel-culture experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 with three soil types and two levels of soil compaction on the farm of Henan Agricultural University. The characteristics of nutrient uptake and distribution, and yield in maize were studied. 【Result 】 The results showed that root growth was restricted in the three selected soils under soil compaction stress. The maximum root length and dry weight were found in the fluvo-aquic soil while the minmum were observed in the yellow cinnamon soil. The accumulation of