我国政策性银行效率及其影响因素的实证研究.docVIP

摘 要 政策性银行的效率研究主要涉及三个角度：规模效率、范围效率和X效率，而X效率是目前国内外研究的重点。本文通过对效率前沿分析方法的比较研究，选取了非参数方法中的 DEA方法，运用BCC模型对我国三家政策性银行的X效率进行了实证研究。结果表明：我国政策性银行的整体效率水平较低，国家开发银行是所选择样本中的效率前沿银行，中国进出口银行的效率次之，而中国农业发展银行的效率较差。 然后对计算所得的效率值和影响我国政策性银行X效率的一些内部因素进行了相关性分析。结果表明：银行规模与银行效率显著正相关；反映人力资源质量的本科及以上学历员工占全体员工的比例与银行效率显著正相关；虚拟变量政府补贴与银行效率正相关。营业支出率与银行效率存在显著的负相关关系；中间业务收入与银行效率之间呈显著的负相关关系。而权益资本比率、不良贷款率、资产收益率、贷款资产比率都没有通过显著性检验。 在实证分析的基础上，充分结合我国政策性银行的实际情况，提出了提高我国政策性银行效率的路径构想，即完善政策性银行的制度建设是必要条件；以转变政策性银行的盈利模式为核心；对政策性银行治理结构的优化作为主线必须贯彻始终。 关键词：政策性银行，X效率，数据包络分析，盈利模式，银行治理结构 Abstract The study of efficiency in policy banks involves three aspects: scale-efficiency, scope-efficiency, X-efficiency, and recently X-efficiency has become the focus of both internal and external researches. After analyzing the frontier theory, this paper selects the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that belongs to the Non-parametric estimation method and its BCC model to analyze the X-efficiency in policy banks of China. The result shows: the overall X-efficiency level of our policy banks is very low, the China Development Bank is at the efficiency frontier, the efficiency of the Export-Import Bank of China is second to the China Development Bank’s efficiency, and the efficiency of the Agricultural Development Bank of China is the worst. The diagnosis research on the decisive factors to bank efficiency is conducted in multivariate regression model. The result shows: The asset scale and the education level of labor have positive correlation coefficient with bank efficiency. As the virtual variables, the government subsidies have positive correlation with bank efficiency. The rate of operating expense and the income of bank’s middle product have negative coefficient. While the capital adequacy, the non-performing ratio of loan, the return on asset and the ratio of loan to asset can not pass the statistical test. Based on the empirical analysis, and taking into account of the actual situation of our policy banks. Some suggestions are made to impro