“新鲜”其词.pdfVIP

中 文 摘 要 贺铸是北宋著名词人，有《东山词》传世。他的歌词创作前后长达五十年之久， 今存词280 余首。这些词多属于旖旎婉转、妩媚风流的“本色词”。但是贺铸以求变 出新为创作观念，他的词经常在传统之外表现出较多的新质，时时显示出创新的智 慧与功力，后人曾用“新鲜”二字来评价他的词。 贺铸力求创新首先表现在词的外部形式——词调上。有鉴于词调文学属性的日 益淡薄，虽有张先、苏轼等人以写序的方式来挽救之，贺铸又别出新裁、另辟蹊径， 从词中摘取最能揭示词意的三个字来作标题，突出词调的文学意义；对于前人留下 的旧调，他经常加以改造，或增添韵脚，或改变体式，让它们以新面貌示人；他又 曾自创十几首新调，所作皆声、情相称，颇为成功。这些创新之举为词调的繁荣作 出了较为突出的贡献。 贺铸不甘人后，他总是及时吸纳文坛上的时新理论，并运化于词中，这使他的 词总能得风气之先，领时代之潮流。苏轼倡导以诗为词，这一革新理论招来一片批 评，词坛上应者寥寥。这时只有贺铸起而应之，与苏轼并肩作战，以自己的词作热 烈响应着这一革新主张；柳永以俗词遭到批评，但如何化俗为雅却是一道难题。贺 铸迎难而上，多方摸索，终于找到了一些规避俗艳的方法，为周邦彦词的全面雅化 提供了诸多借鉴。 贺铸以他的“新鲜”之词给词坛留下了深远的影响，他的词总能昭示着词坛新 风的到来。他的豪放词苍凉悲壮，经由张元干、岳飞、张孝祥等人的薪火相传，至 稼轩手中大放异彩；柳永在慢词领域创立了“屯田家法”，贺铸对之进行了丰富与发 展，这又为周邦彦慢词技法的极大成奠定了稳固的基石；贺铸作词极重锤炼，从字 句的斟酌到意象的组接无不精心策划，显示出一定的技巧化色彩，为南宋四明词派 开导了先路。 贺铸词众体皆备，万花为春，他的词以其独具的新鲜面貌成为宋词发展进程中 的重要环节。 2 Abstract He Zhu, a well-known ci-writer in Beisong Dynasty has authored “Eastern Hill”. His occupation in writing ci lasted for more than 50 years with a total of more than 280 pieces of ci left behind him, most of which have a characteristic of charming and gentle, sweet, and dissolute style, hence, are called “gray”pieces. But He Zhu often made innovations in writing with a concept of constantly changing. So his ci often exhibited something new outside tradition, showing his wisdom and skills of innovation. Later generations often praise his pieces with a word “fresh”. He Zhus innovation tells from the external form of cithe tune. The literary character of ci tune was becoming indifferent. While Zhang Xian and Su Shi tried to survive the form by writing prefaces, He Zhu paved a new way by selecting three words from a piece of ci which could represent the content of the whole piece and hence highlighted the literary meaning of ci tune. As