日本的追求“软实力”：吸引和局限性外文原文.pdfVIP

East Asia (2007) 24:349–363 DOI 10.1007/s12140-007-9028-6 Japan’s Quest for “Soft Power”: Attraction and Limitation Peng Er Lam Received: 15 May 2007 / Accepted: 10 September 2007 /Published online: 27 October 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Japan is seeking to project its “soft power” through the allure of manga and anime in its public diplomacy. The production, diffusion and global consumption of manga and anime are driven by market forces and consumer tastes and not by the Japanese state. However, the latter is seeking to harness this popular culture to burnish Tokyo’s international image. Despite the attractiveness of Japanese pop culture and other more traditional forms of public diplomacy, Tokyo ’s pursuit of “soft power” and a good international image is undermined by its failure to overcome its burden of history. Keywords Anime . Cultural diplomacy .Manga . Public diplomacy . Soft power Japan still has an image problem in East Asia today-sometimes as a country lacking in remorse for its past militarism and other times as a predatory and protectionist “economic animal”. However, the country has recently acquired a new “hip and cool” benign image which co-exists uneasily rather than supersedes the negative images of the past. Indeed, there is a bifurcation in the attitudes of East Asia toward Japan. On the one hand, East Asians especially Chinese and Koreans view negatively Japanese war atrocities, Prime Minister ’s visits to Yasukuni Shrine and the Abe Administration ’s prevarication over the “comfort women” issue. On the other, East Asian consumers have embraced things Japanese such as sushi, karaoke, rock garden, zen-inspired architecture, J-pop (popular music), J-fashion, electronic gizmos and games (Sony PlayStation 3 and Nintendo), television