外包和外商直接投资的产业均衡外文原文.pdfVIP

Princeton University Outsourcing versus FDI in Industry Equilibrium by Gene M. Grossman Princeton University 50 and Elhanan Helpman Harvard University, Tel Aviv University, and CIAR Discussion Paper #219 December 2002 Discussion Papers in Economics Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Outsourcing versus FDI in Industry Equilibrium∗ by Gene M. Grossman Princeton University and Elhanan Helpman Harvard University, Tel Aviv University, and CIAR December 2002 Abstract We study the determinants of the extent of outsourcing and of direct foreign investment in an industry in which producers need specialized com- ponents. Potential suppliers must make a relationship-specific investment in order to serve each prospective customer. Such investments are governed by imperfect contracts. A final-good producer can manufacture components for itself, but the per-unit cost is higher than for specialized suppliers. We consider how the size of the cost differential, the extent of contractual in- completeness, the size of the industry, and the relative wage rate affect the organization of industry production. JEL Classification: F12, F23, L22, D23 Keywords: outsourcing, direct foreign investment, multinational cor- porations, imperfect contracting, intra-industry trade ∗We thank the National S