世界上茶和咖啡-消费的模式外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 The worlds of tea and coffee: Patterns of consumption Material Source: 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Author: David grigg Abstract Coffee and tea are both drunk in most countries, but typically one predominates. Coffee is the preferred drink in European the Americas, tea elsewhere. Until the early eighteenth century coffee production and consumption was confined to the Islamic world, tea production to East Asia. European traders altered this pattern dramatically. The present pattern of coffee consumption is influenced by income per capita,that of tea is not. Religious influences played some part in the early development of both tea and coffee but have little relevance at the present. National factors have influenced wider patterns. British preference for tea was taken to all their colonies. In recent years fears about health have had some influence on coffee consumption. Introduction Geographers have always been interested in the production of food on the farm, but recently there has been a growing interest in aspects of food beyond the farm gate such as food processing, food security, restaurants and food health (Atkins and Bowler, 2001; Bell and Valentine, 1997).However, somewhat surprisingly the geography of food consumption– who eats what, where and why – has been an interest of only a few geographers and economists (Cépède and Lengelle, 1961; Grigg, 1995; Simoons, 1990; Bennett,1954; Kariel, 1966). But if little attention has been paid to international and regional variations in food consumption, the geography of drink attracts even less. Granted the production of wine has its students (Unwin, 1991; Blij, 1984) but alcoholic beverages are not the major drinks in most countries. In Europe coffee is generally the leading drink–excluding water –except in Britain and Ireland where it is tea ( P.V.G.D,1998.). Tea and coffee compete with each other in many countries, a topic investigated by N. Berdichevsky (1976),when however there was little data avail