评估国际化程度的概念上的问题外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Assessing the degree of internationalization. Some conceptual issues Material Source: EIBA Conference,2002 Author: Grazia Ietto-Gillies Abstract. The paper analyses different dimensions of measures of the degree of internationalisation in the context of different perspectives on internationalisation. The following perspectives on internationalisation are considered in particular: (a) the level of aggregation of the economy; (b) the internationalisation mode; and (c) the type of activity being internationalised. As regards measuring the degree of internationalisation the following dimensions are considered relevant: (i) the intensity level of internationalisation in relation to the overall size of the activity or economy; and (ii) the level of geographical extensity of the international activities. The paper argues that the choice of specific indices crucially depends on the type of effects we want to assess and, in particular, on the theoretical approach we have regarding specific effects. The latter point is argued with the aid of examples. 1. Introduction The assessment of degree of actual and potential internationalisation has been the subject of quite a few pieces of research (Dunning and Pearce, 1981; Ietto-Gillies,1989, 1998 and 2001; Sullivan, 1994; UNCTAD, 1995). It seems therefore appropriate to ask ourselves questions about the way we assess the degree of internationalisation and what the conceptual problems behind such an assessment are. This is an issue relevant for firms involved or wishing to be involved in the internationalisation of their activities as well as for policy makers operating at the local, regional or national level. On the latter point in particular, we should note that policies are designed with a view to the effects of the internationalisation process. More specifically they are designed with a view to enhance the positive effects and discourage/eliminate the negative ones. This necessarily pre