美国拟征碳关税，世贸组织审议及中国的对策外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 The U.S. proposed carbon tariffs, WTO scrutiny and Chinas responses Material Source: International economics and economic policy Author:Zhang, Z.X. 4.How should China respond to thhe U.S. proposed carbon tariffs? So far, the discussion has been focused on the country that is considering unilateral trade measures. Now that the inclusion of border carbon adjustment measures is widely considered essential to secure passage of any U.S. climate legislation, the question is then how China should respond to the U.S. proposed carbon tariffs. 4.1 A serious commitment to find a global solution to the threat of climate change First of all, China needs to creditable indicate a serious commitment to address climate change issues to challenge the legitimacy of the U.S. imposing the carbon tariffs. Indeed, if China’s energy use and the resulting carbon emissions had followed their trends between 1980 and 2000, during which China achieved a quadrupling of its GDP with only a doubling of energy consumption, rather than surged since 2001, then the position of China in the international climate debate would be very different from what it is today. On the trends of the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA, 2004) estimated that China’s CO2 emissions are not expected to catch up with the world’s largest carbon emitter by 2030. However, China’s energy use had surged since the turn of this century, almost doubling between 2000 and 2007. Despite similar rates of economic growth, the rate of growth in China’s energy use during this period (9.74% per year) has been more than twice that of last two decades in the past century (4.25% per year) (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2008). As a result, China was already the world’s largest carbon emitter in 2007, instead of “until 2030” as estimated as late as 2004. It is conceivable that China will argue that its high absolute emission levels are the combined effects of large population and coal-fueled eco