外包的新浪潮外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 The New Wave of Outsourcing Material source：Research Report Author：Ashok Deo Bardhan and Cynthia A. Kroll There is growing apprehension among business leaders, economists, and ordinary Americans that we are witnessing what may well be the largest out-migration of nonmanufacturing jobs in the history of the US economy. This concern has been fueled by newspaper reports and economic news highlighting the layoffs of thousands of people in high-tech, software and service sector companies in the US, and the practically simultaneous, seemingly coordinated establishment of offices and development centers, most often in India, resulting in hiring of thousands of new employees in that country. For example, tabulation by the authors of reports in Indian newspapers and business journals for the month of July 2003 alone gave an estimate of 25,000 to 30,000 new outsourcing related jobs announced by US firms. In the same month, there were 2,087 mass layoff actions carried out by US employers resulting in a loss of 226,435 jobs. The jobs being created in India and elsewhere are in a wide range of services sectors such as geographic information systems services for insurance companies, stock market research for financial firms, medical transcription services, legal online database research, and data analysis for consulting firms, in addition to customer service call centers. In this short overview we address the following questions: Have jobs been transplanted from the US? How significant is this phenomenon and how sustainable is it? What is the potential impact on future job creation and wage inequality in the US? How is it likely to impact the real estate sector? The First Wave: Outsourcing of Manufacturing Between 1987 and 1997, the share of imports in inputs used in US manufacturing increased from 10.5% to 16.2% and in high-tech manufacturing, such as computers and electronics, from 26 to 38%. These data continue a long history of foreign outsourcing in US manufa