胜利油田污染土壤的生态毒性评价.pdfVIP

2009 年 10 月 第三届全国农业环境科学学术研讨会论文集 53 8 胜利油田污染土壤的生态毒性评价 孙 青，唐景春 （南开大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300071） 摘 要：对胜利油田污染土壤进行了土壤理化性质和重金属含量的测定，实验测得油田土壤含油率为 105 700 mg·kg-1 ， 重金属除 Zn 含量超标外，其他均低于国家Ⅲ类标准。动物毒理实验以蚯蚓死亡率和体重抑制率为实验终点，测得污 染土壤对蚯蚓 4 d 和 7 d 的 LD50 分别为 14 500 mg·kg-1 和 13 700mg·kg-1 ，蚯蚓体重抑制率随石油浓度的增加而增加， 呈现出明显的污染胁迫作用。植物毒性实验筛选出耐油的玉米和小麦种子，并测得不同石油污染浓度对其 72 h 发芽 和根长的抑制情况。结果显示浓度高于 0.1%的稀释土壤都会对玉米和小麦的发芽率产生影响，而 0.1%浓度的稀释石 油土对玉米的根长显示出轻微的刺激作用，从 0.5%浓度开始，稀释石油土对玉米根的生长产生明显的抑制作用；而 从 0.1%开始，所有浓度的稀释石油土对小麦的根长均显示出抑制作用。 关键词：胜利油田；石油污染土壤；生态毒性 Evaluation of Eco-Toxicity of Contaminated Soil from Shengli Oil Field SUN Qing, TANG Jing-chun (College of Environmental Science Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China) Abstract:Soil samples were collected from Shengli oil field in Shandong. Concentrations of mineral oil and heavy metal were analyzed. Results showed that the soil has high accumulation of mineral oil measured with concentration of 105 700 mg·kg-1. while the concentration of heavy metals were all below the GB except Zn. With lethal and sub-lethal rate as endpoint, earthworms test was conducted. The LD50 in 4 d and 7 d were 14 500 mg·kg-1 and 13 700 mg·kg-1 respectivly, and the inhibition rate of body weight increased with the oil concentration. Also, the inhibition rates of root elongation and seed germination of wheat and maize were tested and the duration period was 72 h. Results showed that it caused the inhibition of seed germination to both wheat and maize when the concentration of oil were higher than 0.1%，but it has stimulation of root elongation to maize when the concentration was 0.1%, it cause the inhibition of root elongation to maize when the concentration was higher than 0.5%while to wheat it was 0.1%. Keywords: