全场三维变形视觉测量系统研究.pdfVIP

全场三维变形视觉测量系统研究 胡浩，梁晋，刘建伟，肖振中 （西安交通大学 机械工程学院，西安 710049） E-mail: h.h219@stu.xjtu.edu.cn 摘 要：为了实现物体表面三维变形场的自动摄像测量，提出并研制了将数字图像相关法与双目立体视觉技术相结合的全场三维变形 测量系统。对系统所采用的像机标定、相关匹配、三维位移、应变场重建等关键技术进行研究。首先，在分析立体视觉原理和像机畸 变规律的基础上，提出了基于10 参数像机模型的光束平差像机自标定法。接着，以数字图像相关原理为基础，提出了基于双目视觉 极线几何约束的散斑图像快速相关匹配算法。然后，提出了三维坐标及三维变形场的重建方法。最后，设计和完成了XJTUDIC 系统的 标定实验，并将该系统应用于材料的拉伸等力学性能实验中。实验结果表明，系统的标定精度优于0.25pixel，应变测量精度与引伸 计相当。能够满足物体表面全场、非接触、高精度三维变形场测量的要求。 关键词：数字图像相关；双目立体视觉；像机标定；相关匹配；三维变形 中图分类号： TP394.1 文献标识码：A Three-dimensional deformation field measuring system based on vision method HU Hao, LIANG Jin, LIU Jianwei, XIAO Zhenzhong (School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China ) Abstract: In order to realize automatic image measurement for object surface deformation, a three-dimensional surface deformation mesuring system is proposed based on digital image correlation and binocular stereovision and its applied key technologies such as camera calibration, correlation matching, three-dimensional displacement and strain reconstruction are investigated. First, based on analysis of pricinple of binocular stereovision and distortion errors of digital camera, a self-calibration method with 10-parameters model is elaborated. Then based on pricinple of digital image correlation and relation of stereovision epipolar geometry, the algorithm of image correlationan matching is presented. What’s more, the method of displacement and strain reconstruction is discussed. Finally, we design and conduct experiments for calibration verification and mechanical tensile test. Experimental results indicate that the precision of the camera calibration is bette