研究報告.pptVIP

撰写研究报告 讲座 常见问题 整体组织松散 论据逻辑不明确 立论字眼含糊 滥用图表 资料出处欠详 议论文抑研究报告？ 整体组织松散 段落的排序问题 段落之间的逻辑关系 集中讨论研究焦点 论据逻辑不明确(一) 研究设计： 理论与研究的关系 论题与研究方法的关系 选择方法的准则 抽样程序 论据逻辑不明确(二) 研究工具： 概念与研究工具的关系 受访者所言≠分析所得 论据逻辑不明确(三) 建立论据： 详细解释论据的逻辑 明确解读数据(量性或质性) 与论据的关系 立论字眼含糊 用词空泛＝概念含糊 所有概念立论必须有据可依 滥用图表 不同的数据有不同的表达方法 图表不等同分析，必须详细解读 适当地运用不同图表 资料出处欠详 必须列出所有数据及数据的出处 必须清楚解释研究方法与程序 附件 ?问卷、访谈誊录、观察资料 ?参考剪报 议论文抑研究报告？ 研究报告≠议论文 研究报告必须有原创分析 搜集原始资料 列明分析准则 (例：政策分析) 其它留意事项 页码 字体大小 错别字 * Suggestions: Avoid redundancy Build one argument/ section upon another Prioritize and focus on what your first hand analysis/data address - don’t sidetrack into related but peripheral matters. Elaboration: Theoretical relevance of the research question (may not have an explicit theory, but need to explain the significance and relevance of the question in the context of what they know) Choice of appropriate method (survey/ interview/ observation/ content analysis…) Sampling issue (ask whom? Sample?) Problem: Excessive and inappropriate use of pie-charts and graphs Having these charts/graphs by themselves contributes nothing to the argument Suggestions: Use graphical forms consciously – don’t use them unless they really help to build an argument And choose one that is best at doing so (related) Don’t construct a questionnaire that aims at generating these charts and graphs – construct questions that have explanatory value, not chart-generators that end with an immediate full-stop. Both primary and secondary data. Data can be both primary or secondary, but avoid confounding a “summary” of existing findings with “research findings”. The problem is particularly acute in reports that involve policy reviews. Elaboration: Whether the questions asked measure what they seek to answer. Concepts and operationalization Elaboration: Tie the data back to the arguments Explain the logical connections b/w question, data, and arguments Only use words and/or concepts as they mean it Always ground an argument – avoid speculation and groundless claims