分子生物学(中英对照有备注)6.pptVIP

* eIF4F binds to the mRNA cap, and helps the 40S subunit to bind to the mRNA. Then, eIF1 and eIF1A bind to the initiation complex and stabilize the 48S initiation complex while scanning. eIF4F结合到mRNA的帽上，并帮助40S亚基结合到mRNA上。之后，eIF1和eIF1A结合到起始复合体上，并在扫描过程中起到稳定48S起始复合体的作用。 * After the start codon is reached, eIF5 and eIF5B help the 60S subunit to bind to the 40S subunit to form the 80S initiation complex. At the same time, eIF1, eIF1A and eIF4F leave the initiation complex. 当到达起始密码位置后，eIF5和eIF5B帮助60S亚基结合到40S亚基上形成80S起始复合体，同时，eIF1、eIF1A和eIF4F离开起始复合体。 * Finally, eIF5 and eIF5B leave the ribosome, and the 80S initiation complex is ready to translate the mRNA. 最后，eIF5和eIF5B离开核糖体，80S起始复合体可以开始翻译mRNA。 * OK, now, let’s move on to discuss section 6.4, about tRNA Structure and Wobble. Actually, tRNA plays very important roles in translation. It acts as a converter between codons and amino acids. To simplify our discussion of translation above, we did not talk about some important facts about tRNA. We are going to talk about them to in this section. 好了，现在我们转到第4节，关于tRNA结构与摇摆。实际上，tRNA在翻译过程中扮演着很重要的角色，它是密码子与氨基酸之间的转换器。在上面的讨论中，为简明起见我们忽略了一些关于tRNA的重要事项，本节对这些事项做一番探究。 * First, let’s look at the anti-codon of a tRNA. The secondary structure of tRNA looks like a cloverleaf. There are two important parts on this structure. One is the amino acid attachment site, and the other is the anticodon. The anticodon is a sequence of three bases within the tRNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA codon. A tRNA’s anti-codon will only bind to a codon that corresponds to the amino acid that it is carrying. For example here, a tRNA carrying the amino acid tyrosine will have an anticodon that binds to the UAU codon. This explains how a tRNA matches codons with the precise amino acid that they represent. 我们先来看tRNA的反密码子。tRNA的结构常以二维形式勾画所以它看起来像三叶草，在这一结构中有两个重要的部位：氨基酸连接位点和反密码子。反密码子是tRNA分子中与mRNA上的密码子互补的一种三碱基序列。一个tRNA的反密码子只会与它上面所携带的氨基酸对应的密码子结合。例如，一个携带了酪氨酸的tRNA将具有只能与密码子UAU结合的反密码子。这就解释了为什么tRNA能够将氨基酸准确地匹