实时容错调度策略研究论文.doc

摘  要  随着实时系统在各个领域的广泛应用，实时容错技术也得到了深入的研究。在实 时系统中，任务执行失败可能导致灾难性的后果。这就对实时系统的实时性和可靠性 提出了很高的要求。 实时容错技术是针对实时系统的故障提出的一种解决方案，主要的方法就是对系 统的资源进行冗余。对硬件冗余技术的研究已经很成熟了，这里主要是针对实时系统 的软件冗余技术做出一些初步的探讨。 软件冗余策略有两种：N 版本软件冗余策略和恢复块策略。重点对恢复块软件冗 余策略展开研究，采用主副版本冗余的策略，在单处理机环境下的主副版本任务的实 时容错调度算法。 实时容错调度算法是根据实时调度算法改进而来，这种改进主要是根据 RM 算法 和 EDF 算法。BCE(Basic Algorithm, CAT Algorithm, EIT Algorithm)算法根据 RM 算法 改进而来。EBPA (Expectation-Based Probing Algorithm)算法提出了容错截止期的概 念，改进 EDF 算法得来。 在容错松弛时间和实际可利用执行时间两个概念的基础上，一种实时容错调度算 法——FT-LLF(Fault Tolerant Least Laxity First )算法，经过理论分析和实验验证， FT-LLF 算法能够有效地降低主版本任务丢失率，降低浪费的 CPU 时间片的数量。 关键词：容错松弛时间; 触发时刻; 实际可利用执行时间; FT-LLF 算法 I Abstract With the real-time system extensively applied in various fields, real-time fault tolerant technique has been deeply studied. Task’s execution failure may result in disastrous consequence. That proposes high demands for real-time and reliability for the real-time system. Real-time fault tolerant technique is a solution that put forward for the real-time faults. The main way is redundancy of the system resource. The study for hardware redundancy technology is already very mature. This paper makes some preliminary discussion mainly directed the software redundancy technology for real-time system . There are two software redundancy strategies: N versions software redundancy strategy and recovery block strategy. Mainly studies in recovery block software redundancy strategy. Adopted the primary/alternate versions task redundancy strategy, studies the real-time fault tolerance scheduling algorithm of the two versions in single processor environment . Real-time fault tolerant scheduling algorithms improve on the real-time scheduling algorithms. That improvements are mainly based on the RM algorithm and EDF algorithm. BCE algorithm improves on the RM algorithm. EBPA algorithm proposes the definition of fault tolerant deadline, improves on the EDF algorithm. After defined fault tolerant laxity time and actual available time, a new fault tolerant