电力系统稳定分析用水轮机调节系统模型研究.docVIP

电力系统稳定分析用水轮机调节系统模型研究 摘 要：以BPA4.0为例，分析了现有电力系统稳定分析程序的不足，机械液压式调速器模型脱离实际，简单的理想水轮机模型无法反应设备的真实状态。从实际生产需要出发，开发符合实际的调速器模型，与用非线性高阶传递函数表示的原动机模型构成自定义的水轮机调节系统模型。通过与实测动态过程的比较，该模型的仿真结果较BPA4.0中的模型更接近实际，吻合度高、平均几何相对误差小，可以满足电力系统稳定分析的需求。 关键词：电力系统稳定分析；水轮机；调节系统；模型 Models of Hydro-turbine Regulating system for Stability Analysis of Power System Abstract: Taking BPA4.0 for example, the deficiencies of the existing power system stability analysis programs were analyzed. The model of mechanical hydraulic governor was backward, and the simulating results could be unrealistic. The model of ideal turbine was too simple and could not simulate the real state of a device. According to the actual needs, the model of a turbine governing system was constituted with the realistic governor model and the prime mover model that was expressed as a higher order nonlinear transfer function. By comparison with the measured dynamic process, the simulation results of the defined model was more realistic than the model provided BPA4.0 and could meet the needs of power system stability analysis, whose goodness of fit and geometric average relative error of was small. Key words: stability analysis of power system; hydro-turbine; regulating system; model 目前，国内广泛适用的电力系统稳定计算分析软件PSASP6.25（Power System Analysis Software Package）和BPA4.0（Bonneville Power Administration）中提供的水轮机调节系统模型较简单，与实际不符。研究表明，这些模型只适用于故障后第一次摇摆的模拟，不适用于超大规模电力系统长过程暂态模拟（持续时间超过10s以上）[1，2]。近年来，国内各区域电网相继开展原动机及其调节系统建模工作，取得了不少有关水轮机及其调节系统建模与参数辨识的成果[3-5]。 针对水轮机调节系统建模的关键——原动机模型[6-8]，采用辨识得到的高阶传递函数表示的原动机模型与同实际一致的调速器模型构成自定义的水轮机调节系统模型，提高了模型精度，其仿真结果较BPA4.0中的模型更符合实际。 调速器模型 图1是机械液压式调速器的框图，图2是BPA4.0提供的水轮机调节系统模型，对比可知BPA4.0中的水轮机调速器模型为机械液压式的。然而，当前水轮机调速器多为PID型电子调节器加液压执行机构的结构，机械液压式调速器模型不含人工频率死区和微分环节，仿真精度低。 图Figure 1 Block diagram of mechanical-hydraulic governor 图Fig. 2 Model of hydro-turbine regulating system provided by BPA4.0 为解决上述问题，搭建了几种具有代表性的PID型电子调节器模型，其中一种如下 图 调速器电气部分（控制器）模型框图Fig. 3 Model diagram of electronic controller 液压执行机构有电液随动型、辅助接力器型和中间接力器型三种，其中电液随动型属于一阶系统