bone of trunk and upper limb课件.pptVIP

Section 2 Bones of trunk  Composition: vertebrae, sternum and ribs Vertebrae There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae C.1-7 Thoracic vertebrae T.1-12 Lumbar vertebrae L.1-5 Sacral vertebrae S.1-5 sacrum Coccygeal vertebrae Co.3~4 coccyx General features of vertebrae Vertebral body Vertebral arch pedicle : sup. and inf. vertebral notch Intervertebral foramen laminae process (7): spinous process transverse processes sup. and inf. articular processes Vertebral foramen Vertebral canal Main characteristics of vertebrae in each region Cervical vertebrae Vertebrae Body: small Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7 Foramen transversarium Articular processes: horizontal Specialized cervical vertebrae Atlas (C1) Body and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses Axis (C2): distinguished by dens which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch of atlas Vertebral prominens (C7): contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck flexed, used as clinical landmark in counting cervical and thoracic spinous processes Thoracic vertebrae Vertebral Body ： heart-shape, superior and inferior costal facets Vertebral foramen： smaller, rounder Spinous processes： long, point obliquely downward Transverse processes： transverse costal facets Articular processes: coronal Lumbar vertebrae Vertebral Body： larger, kidney-shape Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: projects horizontally Transverse processes: long Articular processes: sagittal Sacrum Anterior surface: promontory, anterior sacral foramina (four pairs) Posterior surface: median sacral crest, posterior sacral foramina (four pairs), sacral hiatus，sacral cornu Lateral surface: auricular surface ribs Anterior