南京方言知庄章三组历时演变与年龄差异研究.pdfVIP

Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics, 99-109 2014-1-053-006-000422-1 南京方言知莊章三組歷時演變與年齡差異研究 顧 黔 張志凌 南京大學 東南大學   南京方言知、莊、章三組存在 [ts 、tsʰ 、s] 與 [tʂ 、tʂʰ 、ʂ] 的對立，這在 江蘇境內的江淮方言是一重要特徵。凡北京話讀 [ts 、tsʰ 、s] 者南京話亦 讀 [ts 、tsʰ 、s] ；然而北京話讀 [tʂ 、tʂʰ 、ʂ] 者南京話存在明顯的年齡差異， 這是歷史上知、莊、章三組的對立尤其是莊組與知章組的對立在南京方言的 遺存和反映。本文以少、青、中、老四個年齡段為調查對象，在中古知、 莊、章三組選擇南京人常用口語詞（字） 119 個，逐一調查、統計、分析其 在四個年齡層的音讀分布情況，探討差異產生的原因及歷時演變的軌跡和方 向。   關鍵詞：南京方言，[ts] 組，[tʂ] 組，歷時演變，年齡差異  南京方言知莊章三組歷時演變與年齡差異研究 A Study of Diachronic Evolution and Age Variation in the Zhī , Zhuāng and Zhāng Initial Groups in the Nánjīng Dialect Gù Qián Zhāng Zhìlíng Nanjing University Southeast University The opposition of the initial sets [ts, tsh, s] and [tʂ, tʂh, ʂ] in the three Qièyùn 切韻 groups of Zhī知, Zhuāng 莊, and Zhāng 章 is a major characteristic of the Nánjīng dialect within the Jiāng-Huái branch of Mandarin in Jiāngsū. All syllables whose consonant initials are pronounced as dental sibilants [ts, tsh, s] in the Běijīng dialect are also dental sibilants in the Nánjīng dialect, while those pronounced as retroflex affricates and fricatives [tʂ, tʂh, ʂ] in Běijīng are found to have a distribution between the dentals and retroflex that varies by speaker age in Nánjīng, and which still partially reflects the opposition of the Zhī, Zhuāng, and Zhāng groups—especially between the Zhuāng group on one hand and Zhī- Zhāng on the other. This paper chooses 119 common colloquial syllables or words of the three groups and sta