论司马迁边缘心态及其《史记》创作.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 司马迁生活在一个过渡时代 在这个时代里 儒法文化已逐步取代了黄老思 想 取得了社会正统地位 但在文化和意识形态领域 二者的冲撞还十分激烈 司马迁出身于一个没落的官宦贵族家庭 在这个被主流社会边缘化的家庭里 希望被主流社会重新接纳和认同是司马谈和司马迁父子一个共同的文化情结 司 马谈的死是一个非主流文化和主流文化互相冲撞而导致的悲剧 而司马迁被摧残 是另一个边缘文化和主流文化互相冲撞而导致的悲剧 司马迁自小便具有一个边缘人的人格特征 这种边缘人格使他在后天学习积 累中既想在黄老思想的基础上接纳各家学说 又同时在接纳过程对各家学说持排 斥态度 司马迁的文化是一种边缘文化 这种边缘性文化结构使其产生了焦虑 反抗 冒险 创新等多种边缘心态 司马迁的边缘文化和边缘心态与汉武帝的儒法文化 产生了尖锐矛盾 并最终导致了 李陵之祸 李陵之祸 使司马迁的反抗发挥出了惊世骇俗的力量 他把自己的屈辱 自己的焦虑 反抗 冒险 创新渗入到 史记 创作中 并把自己的边缘性文化 结构上升到历史和文化高度 由于司马迁的边缘人格与侠思想有相通之处 所以他为游侠立传 并把侠思 想提升到文化高度 司马迁以文学方法著史 在文学创作过程中 他因情生事 呈现出了尚 奇 边缘审美心理机制 关键词 边缘人 边缘心态 边缘文化 史记 创作 审美心理机制 I Abstract Abstract The era Sima Qian lived in was a changeable period, during which the Confucianism replaced gradually the Taoist and became the orthodox. Sima Qian was born in a declining aristocrat family. Because his marginal family in the main trend society, Sima Qian and his father had a common culture love knot and wished came back to main trend society. The dead of Sima Tan was a tragedy which was lead by conflict of imprincipal culture and main trend culture .And Sima Qian was lead to another tragedy. Sima Qian had a marginal psychology from his childhood. It let him accept other schools at the basic of Taoist thought, but at the same time repulse them during acceptance. Sima Qian’s culture is a marginal culture which let him the marginal psychology such as anxious resistance risk and creativity etc. Sima Qian’s marginal culture and marginal psychology conflicted to Han Wudi’s confucian and legalist culture,which lead to “Liling Hair”. For “Liling Hair”, the resistance of Sima