【精品】牛津译林版英语九下《Unit 4 Great people》语法详解.docVIP

Unit 4 Great people　　 一.【语法详解】定语从句　　 ㈠定语从句的定义　　 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词，即“先行词＋定语从句”。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, whose，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语(whose)；关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中只用作状语。 先行词　　 关系代词　　 关系词在定语从句中的成份　　 先行词　　 关系副词　　 关系词在定语从句中的成份　　 人 who　　 主语、宾语 时间 when　　 状语 人 whom　　 宾语 时间 which/that　　 宾语 物 which　　 主语、宾语 地点 where　　 状语 人、物 tha 主语、宾语 地点 which/that　　 宾语 人、物 whose　　 定语，表示所属关系 原因 why　　 状语(the reason why) 注意：⒈①whose＝of which, of whom ②when＝介词＋which ③where＝介词＋which ④why＝for which ⒉如果关系代词前有介词，只能用which或whom且不能省略。 ㈡关系代词引导的定语从句　　 ⒈关系代词who, whom的用法　　 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人的时候用关系代词who/whom/that。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who/that；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时用who/whom/that，并且可以省略；通常用who代替whom，但whom不能代替who。关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的数取决于先行词的数，即定语从句的动词形式与先行词保持一致。注意：先行词为one, ones, anyone或those时，关系代词只能用who。　　 ①Let’s count the people who/that are present. (注意定语从句中动词的形式)　　 ②Is he the man who/that has saved three children during the snowstorm? (注意定语从句中动词的形式)　　 ③The person (who/that/whom) you wish to see has come.　　 ⒉关系代词which, that的用法　　 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物时，用关系代词which/that。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，需注意以下两种情况：当定语从句中动词短语含有介词时，若介词后置，可使用关系代词which/that，并且可以省略；若介词置于关系代词之前，只能用which，并且不能省略。　　 ①The book which/that tells us a true story is well worth reading.　　 ②Here is the car (which/that) I bought last month.　　 ③The parade in which he took part is called Disney parade.　　 ＝The parade (which/that) he took part in is called Disney parade.　　 ⒊关系代词whose的用法　　 关系代词whose可用于指人或物的先行词，whose在定语从句中作定语，先行词与whose之后的词是所属关系，当先行词是人时whose＝of whom，当先行词是物时whose＝of which。　　 ①I’d like a house whose doors face south.＝I’d like a house the doors of which face south. 　　 ②He is the boy whose father is a famous writer.＝He is the boy the father of whom is a famous writer.　　 ⒋下列情况下只用关系代词that　　 ⑴当先行词是以下指物的不定代词时：all, none, much, any, little, few, anything, nothing, everything…。　　 ①I believe all that you told me. ②Tell us everything that you know.　　 ⑵当先行词被以下词修饰，并且指物时：all, any, ever