10MS1基本知识.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Organic Mass Spectrometry Advantages of MS The Mass Spectrometer Mass spectrometers all operate on the same basic principle, fragmenting molecules into charged ion fragments with the subsequent application of an electrostatic or magnetic field to separate the fragments of the sample according to their mass. This separation process makes it possible to identify and quantify the elements and compounds present in the sample. Mass Spectrometer First, it subjects molecules to bombardment by a stream of high-energy electrons, converting some of the molecules to ions, which are accelerated in an electric field. Second, the accelerated ions are separated according to their mass-to-charge ratios in a magnetic or electric field. Finally, the ions that have a particular mass-to-charge ratio are detected by a device which can count the number of ions striking it. Three Essential Functions 1、Sample Inlet Systemvaporized sample, a steady stream of molecules 3、Fragment ions： 5、In the presence of a magnetic field → a curved flight path Either the accelerating voltage or the magnetic field strength continuously varied in order that all of the ions produced in the ionization chamber can be detected. Mass spectrum ? a graph of the number of particles detected as a function of mass-to-charge (m/e) ratio. 直接探头进样器装置 Terms M+: The simple removal of an electron from a molecule yields a positive ion whose weight is the actual molecular weight of the original molecule. This ion is the molecular ion. After bombardment, some of the bonds in the molecule broke and produced a series of positively charged molecular fragments, called fragment ions. Some of the bonds in the fragment ions broke further and produced less weight fragment ions. The former called parent ion and the latter called daughter ion. The Mass Spectrum The most abundant ion formed in the ionization chamber gives rise to the tallest peak in the mass spectrum, called the base peak. The relative abundances of al