浅论权利冲突中的利益衡量-毕业论文.docVIP

摘  要  近年来,权利冲突问题成为法学研究的一个热点，同时也是一个难点。利益衡 量理论作为法律解释的方法论，是一种解决权利冲突的有效方法。但是利益衡量 理论一直没有提出令人信服的衡量规则;导致在实践中法官的自由裁量权过大，同 时由于利益衡量仅是法律程序中追求妥当性结论的一种程序，对结论本身的正确 与否却不能加以论证。因此，利益衡量理论受到了质疑和批评。 本文共分为三部分，着重探讨利益衡量的规则。第一部分在对权利冲突的概 念、实质进行分析的基础上指出利益衡量理论在解决权利冲突的过程中起着至关 重要的作用。本文认为,权利冲突从根本上讲是一种利益冲突。因此,解决权利冲 突的过程就是一个对冲突着的利益进行衡量和取舍的过程。这个过程也就是利益 衡量理论在个案中具体运用的过程。第二部分对利益衡量的概念、利益衡量的必 要性、利益衡量的意义以及利益衡量的难题进行了阐述。第三部分分别对有关利 益衡量规则的几种学说进行了评述,包括加藤一郎的节制和适用说，阿列克西的定 量计算法,梁上上的层次结构理论和李娜的综合平衡理论。在评述的基础上，笔者 提出了利益衡量适用过程中应遵循的四个规则:1、保护正当利益。2、维护社会的 公共利益,包括:(1)个体利益的人身利益大于物质利益；(2)人身利益保护有所侧 重；(3)保护弱势群体；(4)保护交易安全；(5)保护自由竞争。3、符合立法意图。 4、重视社会效果。通过对以上规则的详细阐述,本文试图对利益衡量理论适用过 程中法官的自由裁量权做出更加明确的限制,以期达到既使法官可以运用利益衡 量理论来弥补法律漏洞,又不致因为其自由裁量权过大而损害一方当事人合法利 益的目的。 关键词:利益衡量；权利冲突；利益冲突；利益衡量规则 I ABSTRACT The right conflict problem has been a legal science research hot spot in resent years, also is a difficulty at the same time. As a methodology of the legal explanation, the theory of interest weighing is an effective method of the right conflict’s solution. But the theory of interest weighing has not proposed the persuasive weight rules, which inevitably results in the judge’s excessive right of discretion in the practice. At the same time, since the theory of interest weighing is a kind of procedure, which pursues appropriate conclusion in the legal proceeding, it cannot prove the conclusion to be correct or not itself. Therefore, the theory of interest weighing has met with some questions and criticisms. This article is divided into 3 parts, which mainly discusses the rule of interest weighing. The first part on the foundation to discuss the concept, the essence of right conflict, points out that the interest weighing can perform a very important role in the solution of right conflict. This article believe that， right conflict is a kind of interest conflict in fundamental. Therefore，the process of saluting right conflict is a process to weight and choose the conflicting interest. This process is also the process, which the theory of i