2013高考英语最后30天语法精讲：情态动词.docVIP

情 态 动 词 1、情态动词 + have done sth 这个结构有着特殊意义：用来表示猜测（设想可能发生过什么事情）或 想象（设想可能出现过什么不同的情况） ①should (ought to) have done sth 本来该做而未做 This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue. ②need have done sth 本来有必要做而未做 You needn’t have told her the news. ③must have done sth 对过去所做动作的肯定推测 ---We went to Paris. ---That must have been nice. ④can have done sth 对过去所做动作的否定或疑问推测 I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again. Where can John have put the matches? ⑤may (might) have done sth 过去可能发生某事，与could相比，may和 might可能性较小，might 可能性更小；might 也可表示过去可能发生 而未发生的事情。 Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain. You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself ⑥could have done sth ●推测过去”可能“发生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句） She could have gone off with some friends. ●表示过去没有实现的可能性：某事可能发生，但却没有发生 You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg. ●表示有能力做而未做（虚拟语气） You could have helped me ! (You were able to help me, but you didn’t.) 2、can could be able to 表示”能力“ ●can 通常表示现在的或”一般的能力“---即你无论什么时候想做就能 做到的能力, 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。 You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else. ●be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。 will be able to 表示将来的能力 I’ll be able to speak German in another few months. ●could 表达 ”一般的能力“---即你过去想干什么就可以干什么 She could sing like an angel when she was a kid. 但could 不能表达过去某种具体的能力，此时用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等 How many eggs were you able to get ? 3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“ 　　●可用来表示：①理论上的可能性（不涉及是否真发生）；②提出建议 　　　（提出解决某个问题的可能办法或者采取的行动）；③在问句或否定 　　　　句中表达现在的可能性） Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.　　① ---What shall we do ? ---We can try asking Lucy for help.　② Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly?　　　　③ 　　●may　可用来表达：①将来