化学化工专业英语（ 第三版） 教学课件 作者 符德学 主编 第七课.pptVIP

尚辅网 尚辅网 Lession seven Solvent Extraction and Adsorption 第七课 溶剂萃取与吸收 Solvent Extraction The separation of the components of a liquid mixture by treatment with a solvent in which one or more of the desired components is preferentially soluble is known as liquid-liquid extraction?. Alternative terms are liquid extraction or solvent extraction.?in which…preferentially soluble是which引导的定语从句，是对solvent（溶剂）的说明 通过一种溶剂来分离液体混合物的方法叫液液萃取（？），所用的溶剂对液体混合物中目标组分具有好的溶解选择性。液液萃取也叫液相萃取和溶剂萃取。 In the operation, it is essential that the liquid-mixture feed and solvent are at least partially if not completely immiscible and, in essence, three stages are involved?:(i) Bringing the feed mixture and the solvent into intimate contact,(ii) Separation of the resulting two phases, and (iii)Removal and recovery of the solvent from each phase.? it is … that …是强调句型； if 引导的是条件从句。 在溶剂萃取中，液体混合物即使不能和溶剂完全混合，至少也能部分溶解，大体上来说溶剂萃取分为三个阶段： （1）使溶剂和液体混合物密切接触 （2）产生的两相的分离 （3）去除和回收每相中的溶剂 Important applications of this technique include the separation of aromatics from kerosene based fuel oils to improve their burning qualities and the separation of aromatics from paraffin and naphthenic compounds to improve the temperature-viscosity characteristics of lubricating oils?. It may also be used to obtain, for example, relatively pure compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene from catalytically produced reformates in the oil industry, in the production of anhydrous acetic acid, in the extraction of phenol from coal tar liquors, and in the purification of penicillin. The important feature is the selective nature of the solvent, in that the separation of compounds is based on differences in solubility, rather than differences in volatility as in distillation?.  ?两个the separation of 都是include的宾语，两个to improve…都是动词不定式做目的状语。?in that … in solubility是that引导的定语从句，说明selective nature 。 溶剂萃取的重要应用包括：分离出煤油（燃料油）中的芳环化合物以提高燃油质量；分离出石蜡和环烷烃中的芳环化合物以提高润滑油的温度-粘度特征。也可用于获得较纯的化合物，譬如：在石油工业中接触反应的重整油中、无水醋酸的生产中、煤焦油中萃取萘的萃取物中以及青霉素的纯化过程中都