化学化工专业英语（ 第三版） 教学课件 作者 符德学 主编 第十二课.pptVIP

尚辅网 尚辅网 Lesson tevelvee Surface Active Agents 第十二课 表面活性剂 Surface active agents or surfactants are chemical compounds that when dissolved in water or another solvent, orient themselves at the interface between the liquid and a solid, liquid, or gaseous phase and modify the properties of the interface?. The modification may be accompanied by frothing or foaming and by formation of colloids, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols, or foams. ? that when dissolved …the properties of the interface是chemical compounds的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，when dissolved in water or another solven作状语。 This definition makes surfactants sound academic; in fact the manufacture of soap, a major surfactant, is the oldest branch of the chemical industry. Further more a recent survey of industrial processes showed that surfactants were the most widely applied group of compounds in the chemical and allied products industries?. Surfactants are not only important as（作为…） the active constituent of cleaning agents (soaps, detergents, etc.), which is their main use, but are also vital in the stabilization of emulsions (e.g., in foods and cosmetics), as（象……一样） mold release agents in the plastics industry, in flotation, in oil well drilling, and in a host of other applications?. ?that surfactants were the …products industries是宾语从句。 ?not only… but also …，不但…而且…； which is their main use是定语从句，对the active constituent of cleaning agents 起补充说明作用。 这个定义使得表面活性剂听起来理论性很强，事实上肥皂— 一个主要的表面活性剂，其制造是化学工业最古老的分支。此外近来的化学工业调查显示，表面活性剂是在化工和其相关产品工业中应用最普遍的化合物。表面活性剂不仅是清洗剂（肥皂、清洁剂等）的重要活性组分（这是它们的主要应用），对于稳定乳浊液也是至关重要（例如，在食品和化妆品中），也可用作塑料工业中脱模剂，用于浮选，油井钻探，和大量其他方面的应用。 Surfactants are classified chemically according to their hydrophilic group as anionic, cationic, nonionic, or amphoteric?. Surfactants when used in cleaning agents are normally mixed with various additives to improve their performance and such formulations are known as detergents?. Soap is an anionic surfactant but because of its long history is categorized separately from the so-cal