基础英语写作 双色印刷 教学课件 作者 王辉 第一章 词语.pptVIP

3. 合成动词： 名词＋动词：sleepwalk （梦游） 形容词＋动词：whitewash （粉刷） 副词＋动词：overthrow （推翻的） 4. 合成副词： 介词＋副词：forever （永远） 副词＋名词：overhead （在上方） 形容词＋名词＋ed ＋ ly : whole-heartedly （全心全意地） 此外还有合成代词，如：myself, somebody, everything, nobody 等。 Company Logo 第二节 词语的选择(Diction) 一、选词原则 在英语写作中，从自己已掌握的词汇中，选出能正确表达自己思想的词语需要遵循一定的选词原则，即准确、简洁和生动。 Company Logo 二、词语的意义 1.词的本义和转义（ denotation and connotation ） A word’s denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary; its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it. E.g.: He / She is fat. He / She is overweight. He / She is plump/portly. Company Logo 2.词的概括性和具体性（ generality and specification） Specific words help to make writing clear, exact, vivid and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words. E.g.: a good man (kind, honest, just, generous, sympathetic, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, honorable…) professionals (scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists) Company Logo 3.词义的搭配（ collocation ） collocation defines a sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. E.g.: strong coffee / *light (weak) coffee strong accent / *weak (slight) accent black tea / *red tea green hand / *new hand Company Logo 4.同义词、近义词和反义词（ synonym, Homoionym and antonym ） Synonyms are different words with almost identical meanings. Homoionym are different words with similar meanings. Antonym is a word having a meaning opposite to that of another word. E.g.: except besides; family home; wet dry Company Logo 5.同形同音异义词和“假朋友”（ homonyms or false friends ） Homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but differ in meaning. False friends are pairs of words in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar,