图形学第六章.ppt

6. Two-Dimensional Viewing 6-1 THE VIEWING PIPELINE Windows:A world-coordinate area selected for display is called a window. Viewport:An area on a display device to which a window is mapped is called a viewport. Changing the position of the viewport /window What happen? Varying the size of viewports /window What happen? 6-2 VIEWING COORDINATE REFERENCE FRAME Mwc,vc = R * T (6-1) 6-3 WlNDOW-TO-VIEWPORT COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION xv-xvmin/xvmax-xvmin = xw-xwmin/xwmin-xwmin yv-yvmin/yvmax-yvmin=yw-ywmin/ywmax-ywmin xv= yv= (6-3, 6-4) 1. Perform a scaling transformation using a fixed-point position of (xwmin, ywmin) that scales the window area to the size of the viewport. 2. Translate the scaled window area to the position of the viewport. 6-5 CLIPPING OPERATIONS Point Clipping Line Clipping (straight-line segments) Area Clipping (polygons) Curve Clipping Text Clipping 6-6 POINT CLIPPING Assuming that the clip window is a rectangle in standard position, we save a point P = (x, y) for display if the following inequalities are satisfied: ? xwmin=x=xwmax ywmin=y=ywmax (6-5) 6-7 LINE CLIPPING Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Every line endpoint in a picture is assigned a four-digit binary code, called a region code. 1.Both endpoint ‘s region code is 0000, the line is in the window. 2. Have a 1 in the same bit position in the region codes for each endpoint , the line is outside the window. Other situations: Liang-Barsky Line Clipping x=x1+ u*?x 0=u=1 , ?x =x2-x1, ?y =y2-y1 y=y1+ u*?y (6-9) xwmin= x1+u *?x = xwmax ywmin=y1+u *?y = ywmax (6-10) u*pk=qk, k = 1,2,3,4 (6-11) where parameters p and q are defined as pl = - ?x, q1 = xl – xwmin p2 = ?x , q2 = xwmax-x1 p3 = - ?y, q3 = y1 – ywmin p4 = ?y, q4 = ywmax-y1 1:left, 2:right, 3:bottom, 4: top * if pk =