催化反应动力学基础.pdfVIP

6.13 Kinetics of Catalytic Rxn 6.13 Kinetics of Catalytic Rxn H O 2 ½ O2 Cu ½ O + H H O 2 2 2 200 C CuO H 2 1. Catalyst, catalysis catalytic rxn 催化作用(catalysis) 一词源于希腊文，意思 是破坏分解。catalysis (催化) 最早是由Berzelies (1835) 明确地提出：由催化剂施加给反应体系的 一种特别的力。 This is a new power to produce chemical activity … When I call it a new power, I do not mean to imply that it is a capacity independent of the electrochemical properties of the substance. On the contrary, I am unable to suppose that this is anything other than a kind of special manifestation of these, but as long as we are unable to discover their mutual relationship, it will simplify our researches to regard it as a separate power for the time being. It will also make it easier for us to refer to it if it possesses a name of its own. I shall therefore call it the catalytic power of the substances, and the decomposition by means of this power catalysis… Catalytic power actually means that substances are able to awaken affinities which are asleep at this temperature by their mere presence and not by their own affinity. • 1888-1905 年W. Ostwald 对催化(反应)进行了一系 列的研究，发展和明确了催化概念。W. Ostwald (1895): Any substance that alters the velocity of a chemical reaction without modification of the energy factors of the reaction. • 1902: A catalyst is any substance that alters the velocity of a chemical reaction without appearing in the end product of the reaction. • 1902: A substance that changes the velocity of a rxn without itself being changed by the process. International Union of Pu