基于新国标某专用校车座椅动态试验及改进设计.pdfVIP

2013 第十六届中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会 基于新国标的某专用校车座椅动态试验及改进设计 茹嘉良，杜汇良，张金换 清华大学汽车工程系，汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京，100084，rujialiang@163.com 摘 要：近年来全国各地频繁发生的校车安全事故引发了整个社会对校车安全问题的广泛关 注,使用符合国家相关标准和要求的专用校车是保障学龄儿童上下学交通安全的重要手段。2012 年新颁布的与校车相关的国家标准对促进校车安全技术进一步发展有重要意义。其中 GB 24406-2012 《专用校车学生座椅系统及其车辆固定件的强度》对校车座椅的抗前倾性能提出了基 于动态试验方法的相关要求，与原有标准区别较大，对校车座椅性能要求较高。本文针对专用校 车座椅系统进行试验研究和改进设计，依据中国新的校车国家标准进行了某校车座椅的动态试验， 根据试验结果通过建立准静态有限元模型进行了座椅关键结构强度、变形与安全系数分析，结合 碰撞试验结果进行关键结构改进设计，采用侧边固定加强、无骨式靠背缓冲设计等措施，使得校 车座椅动态试验指标均达到国家标准要求，对提高校车安全性能具有一定的工程参考意义。 关键词：专用校车；学生座椅系统；动态试验；改进设计 Dynamic Test and Revised Design for Student Seat System of Special School Bus Based on the Chinese New Standard Ru Jialiang , Du Huiliang, Zhang Jinhuan Department of Automotive Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing China, 100084, rujialiang@163.com Abstract: In China, frequent school bus accidents in recent years raise concerns about the issue of school bus safety. It is of great importance for the commuting safety of infants and students that schools or government use special school buses normatively. National standards for school bus upgraded in 2012 require the improvement of school bus technology, among which, GB 24406-2012, The strength of student seat systems and their anchorages of special school bus, uses method of dynamic test to evaluate the seat performance forward, which is different from former standard and demands higher requirement. This paper built the test platform for dynamic test of school bus seat system based on the new standard, analyzed a type of school bus seat with test and finite element analysis, analyzed the influence factor of several key index, studied the design deficiency of both seat anchorage structure and strength and form of energy absorption, then put forward improved design schem