核工程与核技术毕业设计（论文）-电离截面实验中法拉第筒所引起的粒子逃逸率计算.doc

摘 要 本文首先对电子电离截面实验做了简要回顾，分析了电子与物质的相互作用，介绍了电子在固体中的运动规律以及相关的计算方法。由于实际实验中采用的是法拉第筒来收集电子的电荷，应用MCNP软件模拟电子在法拉第筒中的运动，从而计算出相应的电子逃逸率。 主要研究了不同能量的电子碰撞不同原子序数的靶材料时的电子逃逸率变化情况。先通过MCNP软件模拟计算不同情况下法拉第筒的电子逃逸率，接着用MATLAB软件对所得数据进行分析，并作相应的对比图，从而得到了法拉第筒所引起的电子逃逸率与各个因素之间的近似关系。对于同种材料，角度越接近45°，电子逃逸率越大；电子逃逸率与原子序数的关系为对数关系；对于同一种元素，电子逃逸率与角度和能量的关系近似为一个曲面，从而可以通过二维插值求得相近点的电子逃逸率，并做了验证。 在电离截面实验中法拉第筒所引起的粒子逃逸率与入射电子的能量和与靶材料表面的夹角的关系方面做了详细研究，对铝、铁、钼、金、铅可以得到不同能量不同角度粗略的电子逃逸率，为以后的计算与实验提供了对照。得到了原子序数与电子逃逸率的大致关系，为实验的选材提供了依据。同时，还有许多待完善的地方，首先在建立计算模型时，只做了粗略考虑，许多细小方面的影响在精确计算中是必须考虑的；其次计算所使用的软件MCNP对能量小于0.01MeV的粒子无法精确模拟，这导致对能量在0.01MeV以下电子忽略了。最后，由于条件受限，没做实验测量。 关键：  ABSTRACT The first, electronic ionization section experiment are briefly reviewed In this paper, analyzed the interaction of electronic and matter, introduces the movement law of electronic in solid and related calculation method. Due to the fact that is a Faraday cylinder collects electron charge in the experiments, to application software simulation electron movement by MCNP, thus relative electronic escape rate is calculated. The paper studies the effects that the different energy electronic collision and different atomic number target material to cause the electronic escape rate change. First simulation to calculate the different situations electronic escape rate in Faraday cup by MCNP, then the data with MATLAB is analyzed, and the comparison chart accordingly ,to get Faraday cup caused by electronic escape rate and to obtain the approximate relationship between various factors. For the same materials, The angle the closer 45°the more electronic of escape; Electronic escape rate and atomic number for logarithmic relationship; the relationship For the same kind of elements, electronic escape with rate, Angle and energy relationship for a curved surface, thus approximately obtained near point by two-dimensional interpolation, and doing the correctness is verified. The ionization section experiments Faraday cup caused by particles escape rate, incident el