核工程与核技术毕业设计（论文）-空气中氡浓度变化规律的研究.doc

毕业设计（论文） 题 目：空气中氡浓度变化规律的研究 英文题：Study at Changing Rules of Radon Concentration in Air 学生姓名： 专 业： 核工程与核技术 班 级： 指导教师： 二零一一年六月 摘 要 氡是自然界中广泛存在的一种天然放射性惰性气体，同时也是人居环境中最直接的污染物，长期受到氡辐射，会导致肺癌、白血病、皮肤癌及其它呼吸道病变的产生，如何减轻氡对人体的危害，更好的防治氡的污染已成为世界性研究课题。本文主要研究了氡的相关物理化学性质、环境中（包括室内）的氡的来源及其氡对人体的危害及对氡的防护。 同时为了更好的了解我们所处的学习生活环境的氡浓度，通过使用RAD7仪器，测量东华理工本部和北区海军楼选定的各点氡浓度，论述环境中的氡浓度的变化规律。通过测量发现，空气中氡浓度在一天范围里的变化有着明显的规律，一般在凌晨和早上出现高峰，而到了下午四点到六点会出现低谷，同时晚上的平均浓度要高于白天的平均浓度；氡浓度的大小一般与环境温度的大小及测量高度的高低成负相关，同时受不同的天气的影响，一般情况下晴天时的氡浓度最大，阴天其次，雨天最小。 关键词： 氡浓度； 变化规律； RAD7仪器ABSTRACT Radon is one kind of gas radioactive element in environment, whose harm is invisible and impalpable. It is the main pollution that people suffered in the normal life and very easy to enter the human body through the respiratory organ,which may induce the lung cancer, leukemia and other diseases .Therefore, the study on Radon protection and methods how to reduce the harm of Radon have become one of the important international problem .This paper discusses the physical and chemical property of radon, source Radon in the environment, the hazard and the protection of radon in air, the author have used the intrument of RAD7 to measure the radon concentration in the main and north district of east china institute of technology. It is found that the changing rules of Radon concentration in a day are obvious, that is the concentration is higher in the morning, while becomes minimum at 4:00-6:00 pm, and the average value in the daytime is lower than in the evening.Besides, a negative correlation has been found between the radon concentration and the temperature and height ;Meanwhile, the Radon level in sunny day is higher than in a c