核工程与核技术毕业设计（论文）-某种简易的氡面析出率测量装置的设计与应用.doc

毕业设计（论文） 题 目 某种简易的氡面析出率测量装置的设计与应用 英文题 Design and Application a Simple Devices for Radon Exhalation Rate Measuring 学生姓名 专 业 核工程与核技术 班 级 指导教师 二零一一年六月 摘 要 氡及其子体是天然本底辐射剂量的主要贡献者，因此是当前的一个研究热点。本文介绍了氡的性质、危害及氡面析出率测量的基本原理。结合辐射防护与环境保护当前研究的比较多的氡的防护技术问题设计了一种简易的氡面析出率测量装置。该装置的原理是通过累积射气介质表面析出的氡来确定其面氡析出率，可以用来测量不同样品表面的氡析出率。为了对所设计装置的性能有所了解，对氡析出率大小不同的样品进行了测量，测量的同时还对某些防氡材料的防氡效果进行了验证。测试结果表明，该测量装置在测量的时候耗时较长，但是可较为准确的给出所测样品的面氡析出率，且性能稳定、操作简便，改进余地较大，应用前景较广泛。 关键词：氡析出率； 局部静态法； 防氡技术 ABSTRACT Radon and its progeny is the main contributors of natural background radiation dose, therefore, it is a hot topic in the current. This article describes the nature of radon, against and the basic principle of measurement of radon exhalation rate. With the current study technical issues of protection of radon radiation protection and environmental protection, designed a simple radon exhalation rate measuring device. The device works by cumulative the radon precipitates from emanation medium surface to determine the surface radon exhalation rate of radon, It can be used to measure radon exhalation rate from the surface of different samples. For coming to understand the performance of measuring device, measured the radon exhalation rate of samples of different sizes, at the same time, Verify some of the effects of radon protection of anti-radon coating. The results show that The measuring device takes a long time in the measurement, But it can measure the sample’s radon exhalation rate of surface more accurately, and stable performance, simple to use, large room for improvement, it has wide range of applications. Key words: Radon exhalation rate; Local static method; The technology of radon protection 目 录 绪论 1 1. 环境中的氡 2 1.1 氡的性质 2 1.1.1 氡的理化性质 2 1.1.2 氡的同位素 2 1.1.3 222Rn的辐射特征 2 1.2 环境中氡的来源与危害 3 1.2.1 环境中氡的来源 3 1.2.2 氡的危害 6 1.3 氡的浓度单位及换算 8 1.3.1 氡浓度CRn 8 1.3