毕业设计（论文）-小型矿用防爆装载机机构设计.doc

摘 要 装载机是以轮胎式或履带式拖拉机为基础车，安装上铲斗作为工作装置的一种土方工程机械。它是一种作业效率高、操作轻便、用途广泛的施工机械，它不仅用来对松散的堆积物料进行装、运、卸等作业，还可以铲装爆破后的矿石以及对硬土进行轻度挖掘，并能用来进行清理、刮平场地及牵引等作业。装载机的铲掘和装卸物料是通过工作装置的运动而得以实现的，装载机工作装置由铲斗、动臂、连杆、摇臂和转斗油缸、动臂油缸等组成。整个工作装置铰接在车架上。铲斗通过连杆和摇臂与转斗油缸铰接，用以装卸物料。动臂与车架、动臂油缸铰接，用以升降铲斗。铲斗的翻转和动臂的升降采用液压操纵。装载机作业时工作装置应能保证：当转斗油缸闭锁、动臂油缸举升或降落时，连杆机构使铲斗上下平动或接近平动，以免铲斗倾斜而撒落物料；当动臂处于任何位置、铲斗绕动臂铰点转动进行卸料时，铲斗倾斜角不小于45°，卸料后动臂下降时又能使铲斗自动放平。综合国内外装载机工作装置的结构型式，主要有七种类型，即按连杆机构的构件数不同，分为三杆式、四杆式、五杆式、六杆式和八杆式等；按输入和输出杆的转向是否相同又分为正转和反转连杆机构等。工作装置直接影响到装载机的性能参数和其作业效率。 常见的有关轮式装载机的工作装置设计中，广泛采用反转六连杆机构为例进行设计以及放平性、工作强度的校核，本次设计中使用机械设计软件AUTOCAD 进行工作装置的各铰接点的设计，并将所得初步模型在CATIA中进行应力分析，找出应力集中区域，通过增加加强筋或改变结构来增加强度，同时对材料过多处适当削减材料，以达到整体受力分布合理。当然，在设计中难免有疏忽以及错误的地方，望批评指正。 关键字：装载机 发展前景 建模 动力学分析 Abstract Wheel loader is a tractor or a crawler-based vehicles, install the device on a bucket as a work of Construction Machinery.?It is a high efficiency, easy operation, uses a wide range of construction machinery, it is not only the accumulation of loose materials used to carry out loading and transporting, unloading and other operations, you can shovel the ore after blasting equipment and to be slightly hard soil?mining, and can be used to clean up, Calibrating venues and traction operations.?Shovel loaders and material handling equipment through the movement of work to be implemented by the bucket loader attachment, boom, connecting rod, rocker arm and the bucket cylinder, boom cylinder and other components.?The working device hinged on the frame.?Bucket through the connecting rod and rocker tank with the bucket hinge for loading and unloading materials.?Boom and the frame, hinged boom cylinder to lift the bucket.?The flip bucket and boom of the lift with hydraulic control.?Loader job working device should be able to ensure that: when the bucket cylinder lock, cylinder boom lift or landing, the linkage mechanism to move the bucket up and down or near the translational level, so as not to tilt the bucket spilled materials;?When the boom in any position,