c数值分析c15-2.pdfVIP

15.2 Fitting Data to a Straight Line 661 as a distribution can be. Almost always, the cause of too good a chi-square fit is that the experimenter, in a “fit” of conservativism, has overestimated his or her measurement errors. Very rarely, too good a chi-square signals actual fraud, data that has been “fudged” to fit the model. A rule of thumb is that a “typical” value of χ 2 for a “moderately” good fit is 2 2 χ ≈ ν. More precise is the statement that the χ statistic has a mean ν and a standard h r P C S √ t e e o a t a deviation 2ν, and, asymptotically for large ν, becomes normally distributed. p d r p m : m y / a p / i r w b s i l w l s g e In some cases the uncertainties associated with a set of measurements are not e i h p