宏观经济=变量和问题二.pptVIP

Today’s lecture: MACROECNOMICS Variables problems MACROECNOMICS —A Very Short Course Macroeconomics studies aggregate economic variables, such as production for the economy as a whole(GDP and GNI), the average price of all goods(the aggregate Price Level), and the employment rate. In contrast, microeconomics studies production and price in specific markets. — Oliviver Blanchard The major macroeconomic variables Terms such as output,unemployment, inflation,budget deficits, and trade deficits have become part of the modern vocabulary. We shall define them precisely. System of National Accounts, SNA-1993 Gross Domestic Product Gross National Income, Net National Income National Disposable Income Personal Disposable Income 为什么需要宏观经济学？ 总体经济理论 增长（长期）和波动（短期） 不会花尽全部收入 储蓄、投资、税收 一些市场无法顺利运行 （劳动市场）失业问题 论题 GDP增长，通货膨胀，利率 Why do we need Macro? Aggregate economy’s Growth(long run)and fluctuations(short run) Not all income is spent Saving ,investment,taxes Some markets may not work smoothly Unemployment problem Topics GDP Growth, inflation, interest rates 增长 为什么一些国家增长较快，一些国家比较富裕？ 什么因素决定增长率？ 怎样测度增长？ 经济增长是一种测量生活质量改善的好方法吗？ 为什么存在“商业周期” 政府政策怎样影响增长？ Growth Why do some country grow faster than others?some richer than others? What determine growth rates? How can we measure growth? Is economic growth a good measure of quality of life improvement? Why are there “business cycles”? How does government policy affect growth? 通货膨胀 价格为什么上升？ 物价上涨是好事还是坏事？ 通货膨胀的后果是什么？ 国家政策如何影响通货膨胀的？ Inflation Why do prices rise? Is price rise good or bad? What are the consequences of inflation? How does government policy affect inflation? 就业 为什么一些想工作的人找不到工作？ 就业，增长和通货膨胀之间存在联系吗？ 国家政策是如何影响就业的？ Employment Why some people who want to work do not find jobs? Is there a relationship between employment, growth and inflation? How does government policy affect employment? 利率 什么是利率？ 利率是如何决定的？ 实际利率和名义利率之间的区别是什么？ 国家政策是如何影响利率的？ Interest rates What are interest rates? How are they determined? Difference between real a