机械结构在役缺陷危害性的声发射定量评价方法.pdfVIP

试验研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ND T 　无损检测 机械结构在役缺陷危害性的声发射 定量评价方法 李 　力 ,李秀娟 ,桑小冲 (三峡大学 机械与材料学院 ,宜昌　443002) 摘 　要 :水力发电厂起重机械是用于起吊转子和闸门等大型零部件的关键特种设备 ,主要支撑 部分为金属结构 ,一般为非标准设计 ,结构庞大 ,利用超声或射线等常规无损检测技术很难对它们 进行全面有效的定期检测 。探讨了利用声发射技术对其进行检测的可行性 ,通过对带裂纹缺陷的 金属结构加载试验 ,采集活性缺陷发生发展的声发射信号 。应用统计参数方法分析 ,提出评价裂纹 缺陷的活度和强度的定量指标 ,进而定量评定出在役裂纹缺陷的危险性 ,为重大机械的定检和安全 评价提供理论指导和试验数据 。 关键词 :金属结构 ;裂纹 ;声发射 ;危害性 ;定量评价 　　中图分类号 : T G115 . 28 　　　文献标志码 :A 　　　文章编号 (2009) InService Def ect Hazard Quantitative Evaluation Method of Acoustic Emission f or Large Metal Structure L I Li , L I XiuJuan , SANG XiaoChong (College of Mechanical Mat erial Engineering , China Three Gorges U niver sit y , Yichang 443002 , China) Abstract : In hydropower st ation lifting machines are a key sp ecific device , which are u sed to lift t he heavy p art s , such a s t urbine rotor , drawgat e . L ifting machines are very lar ge and heavy , t he main supporting st ruct ures are made of met al and by nonst andar d design . It i s difficult to p erform routine examination s u sing conventional nondest ructive t esting t echnology such as ult ra sonic and radio grap hic t esting . Thu s , an alt ernative met ho d , t he acou stic emi ssion (A E) t echnology was int roduced to t est active crack s in t he st ruct ures of lifting machines. The A E signal s of inservice defect were collect ed f rom a loadbearing met al beam wit h seeded crack s. Ba sed on st ati stic p aramet er analy si s , two quantit ative indexes were p ropo sed to a ssess t he activit y and int en sit y of active crack s. Furt hermore , t he hazar d d