报告一：Neutrons for science, neutrons for society.docVIP

报告一：Neutrons for science, neutrons for society Professor Robert McGreevy, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. By 1942 the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear reaction was initiated at the Chicago Pile-1 reactor and abundant neutrons became available. Neutron diffraction had actually first been demonstrated in 1936, but it only became a practical tool for materials science with the work of Shull and Wollan at the Oak Ridge Graphite Reactor in Tennessee in 1945. Nowadays, 70 years later, neutron scattering has become a well established technique for the study of all types of materials – from biological membranes to batteries to suspension bridge cables. High brightness beams of neutrons can be produced by both specialised high flux reactors or by accelerator based sources. Major neutron scattering facilities typically operate 20-30 different instruments covering this wide science base, and host 2000-3000 visiting researchers per year. However, because neutron scattering can only be carried out at large central facilities, which are still relatively rare, the capabilities are not known by many scientists. In this lecture I will outline the unique capabilities of neutrons as a tool for studying ‘where atoms are and what atoms do’, and the complementarity to other experimental techniques, and illustrate this with recent examples. I will also describe new developments in neutron facilities, including the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source in Dongguan and the China Advanced Research Reactor in Beijing as well as at the ISIS facility in the UK, and the opportunities for China-UK scientific collaboration. 报告二：Neutrons for Materials Engineering Research at ISIS Shu Yan Zhang Keywords: neutron, diffraction, residual stress, texture, radiography, tomography, energy-selective imaging Abstract. The Engin-X instrument at ISIS is a world leading neutron diffractometer purpose-built for stress evaluation in the context of mate