The Lessons to Be Learned from the Last Three Decades of American Legal Experience with Expert Testimony.pdfVIP
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The Lessons to Be Learned from the Last Three Decades of American Legal Experience with Expert Testimony.pdf
维普资讯
秘摆辱j争20o7年第15卷(第1,2期)
TheLessonstoBeLearnedfrom theLastThreeDecadesof
AmericanLegalExperiencewithExpertTestimony
EdwardJ.ImwinkeIried
EdwardL.Barrett,Jr.ProfessorofLaw,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,UnitedStatesofAmerica.
“ThosewhodonotstudyhistoryaredoomedtOrepeatitserrors.’’
一 GeorgeSantayana
W orldwide, legalsystemsareincreasinglyrelyingon experttestimonyinordertoresolvefactualis—
SUeS. However,itisprobablyfairtosaythatAmericancourtsmakemoreextensiveUSeofsuchtestimony
thanotherlegal systems. Inonestudyoftheincidenceofexpert testimonyinAmericancourts,theRand
Corporationfoundthatexpertstestifiedin86% ofthetrials andthatonaverage, therewere3.3experts
pertria1. ItisthereforehardlysuprrisingtheAmericanjurisprudenceontheadmissibilityofexperttesti_
monyincludesthousandsofjudicialopinions.
Inthepastthreedecades,thatjurisprudencehasbeenchraacterizedbycontroversy.Themostpubli
cizedcontroversyhasbeenoverthethresholdquestionofthestandradfordeterminingtheadmissibilityof
scientificevidence. In 1923. theCourt ofAppealsofrtheDistrictofColumbiarendereditsdecisionin
Fryev.UnitedStates. Fryeinvolvedanovelscientifictechnique, thesystolicbloodpressuretest. Th e
theory wasthatwhenapersonengagesinaconsciousattempttodeceive,theperson’ssystolicbloodpres
surechanges.Thus,bycarefullymonitoringasubject’Ssystolicbloodpressure,anexpertcoulddetemrine
whetherthepersonwasbeinguntruthfu1. InFrye, adefenseexpert hadadministeredthetesttotheac
lTherearenumerousinternationaliOUrnalSdevotedtoforensicscience. EventhosepublishedintheUnitedStatessuchas
hteJournalofForensicScienceoftencontaina
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