CHAPTER 6 Transportation.ppt

Motor Carriers Motor carriers are limited by highway weight and size restrictions. Their length of haul is mitigated by several factors. Speed limits Hours-of-service rules 第三节 汽车运输 虽然汽车承运人有能力运输许多不同类型的货物，但他们的能力受到公路道路承重和尺寸的限制。其运输距离受到速度限制和服务时间法规等一些因素的影响。 Motor Carriers Primary advantage for motor carriers is flexibility Weather considerations, highway congestion affect the reliability of motor carrier delivery. Motor carriers are more costly 第三节 汽车运输 汽车运输的主要优势是柔性。运输可靠性受到天气条件、交通状况等因素的影响。汽车运输成本较高。 Section 4 Pipelines 第四节 管道运输 Pipelines unique mode without vehicles. Significant for several reasons No need for vehicle operators One way transportation The most reliable form of transportation Slow speed Pipelines are quite limited in the sense of products Limited delivery flexibility Capable of transporting very large product volumes Quite costly to construct, high fixed costs, Relatively low cost per unit 第四节 管道运输 管道运输是唯一一种不需要运输车辆的运输模式。 重要价值在于：不需要车辆操作者，单向运输模式，最可靠的运输方式，最慢的一种运输模式，输送的货物很有限，有限的传递柔性，运送量很大，固定成本很高，单位成本较低。 Section 5 Railroads 第五节 铁路运输 Railroads U.S. freight railroads Six attributes: capability, capacity, cost, flexibility, reliability, speed. Comparison for the five transport modes, Freight railroads: Transport many different kinds of products – capability Less flexibility than motor carriers Larger volume than air and motor – capacity Middle cost and speed of the five modes 第五节 铁路运输 运输模式的六种特性：能力、容量、成本、柔性、可靠性、速度。 Section 6 Water  第六节 水路运输 Water Freight moves by water Inland waterways, primarily rivers Minimum dredging depths 第六节 水路运输 货物通过水上货物运输船舶运输，包括内河运输和远洋运输。这里主要讨论内河运输，主要是河流。疏浚后的河道深度要满足平底货船的最低航行要求，最小疏浚深度非常重要。 Water Reliability: Weather-related conditions, such as drought, icing, flooding The waterways’ lock system 第六节 水路运输 对内河水运的可靠性造成影响的因素： （1）相关天气环境的变化，如久旱、结冰、洪水等；（2）水道船闸系统。 Water Characteristics: unreliable Slow average speeds Inflexibility Relatively inexpensive Greatest capacity Can carry many kinds of products, focus on lower-value bulk comm