School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT.ppt

Technical Briefing to AWG-KP on including others gases Tuesday 2 June 2009, UNFCC Bonn Professor Piers Forster, University of Leeds, UK Talk covers GWPs used in the Kyoto Protocol Updates to Kyoto Protocol GWPs GWPs of non-Kyoto Protocol gases GWPs for indirect/short-lived effects Atmospheric measurements Emission inventories 100 year GWPs used in Kyoto protocol and updates GWPs quantified in AR4 that were not in Kyoto Protocol or SAR Table 20 Ozone Depleting Substances - covered by Montréal protocol 6 additional HFCs (152, 161, 227ea, 236cb, 236ea, 245fa,365mfc) 1 PFC (PFC-9-1-18): uncertain lifetime, medical applications, minor? 7 other compounds with short lifetimes (e.g. Halon-1201, Chloroform, DME) 3 Perfluorinated compounds NF3 - electronics industry, see next page SF5CF3 likely related to SF6 emissions, very powerful GHG, long lived c-C3F6, ozone depleting substance replacement 31 Fluorinated ethers: solvents, potential refrigerants, currently expensive 1 Perfluoropolyether (PFPMIE): heat transfer fluid Progress since AR4 Sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) A fumigant GWP uncertain but may be large Dillon, T., A. Horowitz J. Crowley, The atmospheric chemistry of sulfuryl fluoride, SO2F2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1547-1557, 2008 Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), technology industry, flat panel TVs Study finds a reduced lifetime for NF3 of 550 years which would lead to a smaller 100 yr GWP (16,800 rather than 17,200) Emission confirmed by atmospheric measurements to be 620 tons or 16% of production (industry estimate was 2%) Weiss, R. F., J. Mühle, P. K. Salameh, and C. M. Harth (2008), Nitrogen trifluoride in the global atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20821, doi:10.1029/2008GL035913. Prather, M. J., and J. Hsu (2008), NF3, the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12810, doi:10.1029/2008GL034542. Indirect/Short-lived GWPs Emission estimates Emissions evaluated using a combination of techniques Complexity/methodology var