人文知识精华【荐】.docVIP

英国社会与文化概况： Land and People 国名：U.K（ the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ） 英联邦：the British Commonwealth /1931/53 位于North Atlantic Ocean/ the English Channel/ the North Sea the Straits of Dover/ 33km/ France 最高峰：Ben Nevis/1343m/Scotland; 最长河：the Severn River/338km 最大湖：the Lough Neagh(Ireland)；Lough Ness(尼斯湖/ Scotland) the Lake District / England/ three famous poets: William Wordsworth, Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey 苏格兰(Edinburgh)地形：北部高地，中部低地，南部山地/ 威尔士(Cardiff)地形：mountainous ,12% arable. 英国气候：maritime climate 人种来源：Anglo-Saxons and Celts History 3000BC.:Iberians / 700BC:the Celts/ 55BC: Julius Caesar, the Romans/ mid 5th century: Anglo-Saxons and Jutes the first king of England: 829 Egbert the Witan(贤人会议)—the basis of Privy Council（枢密院） king Alfred：Father of the British Navy / defeated the Danes/ a legal system the Norman Conquer of 1066: William the Conqueror/ King Harold result: the feudal system in England was established. 《大宪章》/ the Great Charter/ Magna/ King John 1215 百年战争：1337-1453/ between France and England/ Calais of France/ Joan of Arc of France 黑死病: the Black Death/ the 14th century 玫瑰战争: 1455-1485 ( Sir Walter Scott) Elizabeth I(1558-1603) / 1588 defeated Armada/ England became a naval power 文艺复兴: Renaissance/ rebirth/ the 14th century in Europe/ Leonardo Da Vinci/ William Shakespeare 火药阴谋案the Gunpowder Plot of 1605:最有名的天主教密谋 英国内战the First Civil War （the Puritan Revolution）/ between Charles I and Parliament/ Cavaliers and Roundheads Result: overthrew the feudal system in England and started the modern world history. 1649—1658 Commonwealth/ Oliver Cromwell 1702 Anne’s reign/ the name of Great Britain came into being 18th-19th century: the Whigs and the Tories(Conservative Party) controlled the parliament. The Industrial Revolution: the late 18th—early 19th century/ workshop of the world by 1830 Colonial expansion began from Newfoundland in 1583/ 1763 Canada by the Treaty of Paris Canada as a dominion / the British North Ameri