论旅游业的企业组织结构与市场开放.pdfVIP

　旅游学刊 　双月刊 　2000 年第 6 期 论旅游业的企业组织结构和市场开放 钟海生 (北京大学城市与环境学系 ,北京 100871) [摘 　要]本文分析了中国旅游业宏观形势良好但微观企业效益下降的背反现象 ,从旅游业的企业组织结构、竞争 关系和市场开放度等角度探讨了其深层次原因 ,指出旅游业的体制特征是“部分封闭的市场 + 约束性的竞争关 系”, 目前的一些政策性和制度性安排制约了旅游企业的有效竞争, 限制了生产要素的自由流动 ,是形成“小散弱 差”企业格局的主要原因。在分析的基础上 ,本文提出了全面开放旅游市场的政策主张。 [ 关键词]旅游业 ;企业组织结构 ;市场开放 ;政策分析 ( ) [ 中图分类号] F590 　　[文献标识码]A 　　[文章编号] 1002 - 5006 2000 06 - 0011 - 08 An Analysis on Industrial Structure in the Tourist Industry and Market Opening Policy ZHON G Haisheng ( ) Dept . Of U rban Envi ronmental Science , Peki ng U niversity , Beiji n g 100871 , Chi na [ Abstract] The article analyzes the contradictory phenomenon found in China ’s Tourism industry in which en terprise profit is decreasing while the market scope is expanding. Three key aspects as the industrial structure , competition relationship between enterprises and degree of market opening are studied ,and the concept of sys tematic feature as “partly closed market and limited competition ”is developed. The article further examines some policies that deter the effective competition and limit the free flow of productive elements ,which is identi fied as major reasons that result in the or ganizational structure of small ,lowconnected ,weak and inefficient en terprises. Based on the analysis ,the article suggests adopting a policy of complete market opening to face the up coming challenges. [ Key words] tourism industry ;industrial structure ;market opening ;policy study 　　一、问题的提出 90 年代以来 ,旅游业出现了两条平行的运行轨迹。在宏观层面 ,产业体系和市场规模增长迅 速 ,产业的空间布局不断扩张。但在微观层面 ,在企业数量增加的同时 ,却出现了全行业利润逐年 下降的现象。 对于