台北市立阳明高级中学-Optics on Graphene.ppt

Optics on Graphene Graphene(A Monolayer of Graphite) Optical Studies of Graphene Graphene Band Structure of Monolayer Graphere Exfoliated Graphene Monolayers and Bilayers Infrared Reflection Spectroscopyto Deduce Absorption Spectrum Gate Effect on Monolayer Graphene Vary Optical Transitions by Gating Results in Graphene Monolayer Doubly Gated Bilayer Asymmetry: D ? D ? (Db + Dt)/2 ? 0 Carrier injection to shift EF: ??F ? dD = ?(Db - Dt) Sample Preparation Effective initial bias due to impurity doping Transport Measurement Maximum resistance appears at EF = 0 Lowest peak resistance corresponds to Db = Dt = 0 ?? . Optical Transitions in Bilayer I: Direct gap transition (tunable, 250 meV) II, IV: Transition between conduction/valence bands (~400 meV, dominated by van Hove singularity) III, V: Transition between conduction and valence bands (~400 meV, relatively weak) If dEF=0, then II and IV do not contribute Bandstructure Change Induced by Transitions II IV inactive Transition I active x x IV II Differential Bilayer Spectra (dD = 0)(Difference between spectra of D?0 and D=0) I I Larger bandgap ? stronger transition I because ot higher density of states IV Charge Injection without Change of Bandstructure (D fixed) x dD = 0 dD ?0 Transition IV becomes active Peak shifts to lower energy as D increases.. Transition III becomes weaker and shifts to higher energy as D increases. IV III Difference Spectra for Different D between dD=0.15 v/nm and dD=0 Larger D Bandgap versus D D(dR/R) ? (dR/R) 60V -(dR/R) -50V is comparable to dR/R in value Strength of Gate Modulation * Gate-Variable Optical Transitions in Graphene Feng Wang, Yuanbo Zhang, Chuanshan Tian, Caglar Girit, Alex Zettl, Michael Crommie, and Y. Ron Shen, Science 320, 206 (2008). Direct Observation of a Widely Tunable Bandgap in Bilayer Graphene Yuanbo Zhang, Tsung-Ta Tang, Caglar Girit1, Zhao Hao, Michael C. Martin, Alex Zettl1, Michael F. Crommie, Y. Ron Shen and Feng Wa