超市生鲜管理培训课程-采购管理实务.pptVIP

* * * * * 1 * Cross-Function Teams (跨功能小組): - 一時性任務編組。 - 包含 purchasing and supply management, design and manufacturing engineering, operation, quality and finance. Commodity Teams (商品小組): - 常設性組織，為跨功能小組的一種。 - 包含 buyer, material engineers, production planner - 主要為 Cost Reduction目的而設置。 - 大集團公司設有 Commodity Manager 一職。 【問】：由採購獨自評選，或由小組評選各有什麼優缺點？ 【問】：各適用於何種型態的採購？ * 參觀供應商工廠的重要性： 依照供應商所提供的書面資料、目錄來看，或許是一個不錯的供應商 ，可是許多時候，供應商的廠房已經非常老舊，機器已是過時設備，而無法滿足買方需求，這些都只能在實際訪視時才能發現。 廠房乾淨的供應商通常其效率也比較好。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4. Total Cost Total cost is the sum of the variable, fixed, and semivariable costs. The total costs increase as the volume of production or service increases, while the cost to produce each unit or provide each service decreases. Fixed costs do not increase; they are spread over a larger number of product units. It can be a complex undertaking to allocate costs to the categories of variable, fixed, and semivariable, so direct and indirect costs are often used. * * Calculation of the total cost of ownership for capital equipment gives your organization a true picture of its operating costs (in this case, cost-per-copy). In this example, the largest areas of cost are ongoing costs, not initial purchase costs. Review of this data provides information for better selection of and negotiations with suppliers. * * 評等結果被扭曲的可能原因Factors that can distort ratings 資料不正確 Inaccurate data 加權指數不恰當 Improper weighting of factors 主觀因素 Subjectivity * 供應廠商評等結果發佈Issues in the dissemination of ratings 機密性 Confidentiality 供應商對評等結果的反應處理 Supplier reaction to ratings * 減少供應商的班底數量 (Reduce Supplier Base) 合理的供應商數量有助於降低成本，以及有效的管理供應商 建立互信的交易基礎 (Mutual Trust) 公平，公正，合理 尊敬，廉潔，言行一致 營造無障礙的溝通環境 (Efficient Communication) 誠懇的雙向溝通 (sharing information) 了解彼此文化差異 從基層員工到高階主管 從願景到技術/產品的發展 主動積極的做法，一起解決問題，No Surprise! Win-Win建立雙贏的供應商夥伴關係(二) * Win-Win建立雙贏的供應商夥伴關係(二) 供應商先期參與 (Early Supplier Involvement, ESI) 在規格開發過程的初期，邀請具有夥伴關係的供應商，參與買方的