牛顿万有引力定律的发现过程.docVIP

牛顿万有引力定律的发现过程 摘要： 牛顿万有引力定律的发现是人类认识自然规律方面取得的一个重大成果，万有引力定律是经典力学的重要组成部分，而且为天体力学奠定了坚实的理论基础，牛顿无疑是一位世界公认的伟大科学家。在牛顿之前，有许多科学家致力于对宇宙的观测和研究，但无人能建立一套系统的理论。牛顿在前人的研究成果上进行加工，并且更深入的思考与研究，灵活运用各种数学知识，将微积分、几何法与开普勒三个定律以及离心力、向心力定律相结合，从而证明了椭圆轨道上的引力平方反比定律，接着他又将“质量”引入引力理论，从向心力演化出引力，并证明它们与质量和距离的定量关系，最终将向心力定律演化成万有引力定律。从1665牛顿开始着手研究到1685年正式发现万有引力定律，花了整整20年的漫长时间。 关键词：离心力 向心力 离心力定律 引力平方反比定律 万有引力定律 The Establishment Of Newton＇Law Of Universal Gravitation Abstract：The detection of Newtons Low of Universal Gravitation is an important result of the cognition of nature rule obtain. The Law of Universal Gravitation is an important part of the classic mechanics, and it lay the solid theories foundation for the gravitational astronomy.Newton is a generally accepted and great scientist in the world. Before Newton, there were many scientists concentrating on to the observation and study of the universe, but no one can establish a system theory. Newton went forward the persons’ research result,and considered more thoroughly with study, using flexibly every kind of mathematics knowledge, and left calculus, geometry ,Kepler’s Laws, centrifugal force laws and centripetal force lows combine together, thus proved the inverse-square law of the attraction on the oval orbit.Then immediately after he led the quantity into the gravitation theories, he evolved the gravitation from the centrifugal force, and proved them related to the quantity and the distance. At last he evolved the centrifugal force laws to Low of Universal Gravitation. From 1665 Newton’s entering upon to the study to discovering the Low of Universal Gravitation formally till 1685, it spended exactly 20 years. Key words: centrifugal force centripetal force the centrifugal force laws the inverse-square law of attraction the Low of Universal Gravitation 艾萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton，1642～1727）于伽利略（Galileo Galilei,1564～1642）逝世的同一年出生。英国18世纪诗人蒲柏（Alexander Pope）颂赞牛顿有这样的诗句：“自然与自然的规律隐藏于黑暗里，上帝说让牛顿降生吧！一切就有了光明。”他以此来崇敬在科学上建树功绩的牛顿。 万有引力定律是牛顿的最著名科学发现之