纳米技术在相变储热领域应用.pdfVIP

纳米技术在相变储热领域的应用 李建立，薛平 (北京化工大学机电工程学院，北京 100029) 摘 要：微胶囊相变材料粒径较大，耐热性、致密性和强度较差，使用中会出现囊壁破裂、堵塞循环泵孔道等问题； 微米级定形相变材料的界面结合强度不高，使用中会发生液相渗出、热物理性质退化等问题。纳米胶囊相变材料壁 材致密、耐热温度和机械强度较高，其大的比表面积可显著提高储/放热速率；纳米复合相变材料潜热大，界面结合 牢固、力学性能好，能避免液相渗漏，使用效果好。纳米金属、合金、氧化物等与同类粗晶材料相比，熔点较低、 比热较大、光热转换效率高，可直接用作高温相变材料。纳米技术用于相变储热领域可改善相变材料性能、增加高 温相变材料种类、拓展应用范围。 关键词：相变储热；纳米胶囊相变材料；纳米复合相变材料；纳米高温相变材料 中图分类号: TK02 Application of Nanotechnology in Phase Change Heat Storage Li Jian-li, Xue Ping （College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical and Technology ，Beijing 100029 ） Abstract: Microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) with relatively big diameter, poor compactness,low heat resistance and weak strength can lead to micro-capsule rupture and circulating pump’s drill way plugging in application. Interfacial bonding of micron form stable PCMs is weak, which causes leakage of liquid phase and thermophysical properties degradation. Nano-capsule PCMs are of good compactness, high heat resistance and satisfactory strength of the wall. The huge specific area improves heat storage and heat release. Nano-composite PCMs show big latent heat, firm interfacial conjugation with parent materials and excellent mechanical behaviours. Therefore, liquid phase leakage is avoided and better using effect is achieved. In comparison with corresponding bulk materials, nano-metal ,nano-alloy and nano-oxide can be directly used as high temperature PCMs because of their low melting point, high specific heat and photo-thermal transfer efficiency. Application of nanotechnology in phase change heat storage can improve PCMs’ performance, enrich species of high temperature