Protoc的olDesignConcepts,IPandRouting.doc

Protocol Design Concepts, IP and Routing Section 1: Introduction A central idea in the design of protocols is that of layering; and a guiding principle of Internet protocols is the “end-to-end” principle. In this chapter, we review these ideas and describe the transport and network layers in the Internet stack. 1.1 Protocols and Layering Protocols are complex, distributed pieces of software. Abstraction and modular design are standard techniques used by software engineers to deal with complexity. By abstraction, we mean that a subset of functions is carefully chosen and setup as a “black-box”